Esophageal cancer pathophysiology

Esophageal cancer Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Pathophysiology

Microscopic pathology

Squamous cell carcinoma

Atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane:

• Cytology:

• Nucleus - typical central
• +/-Mitoses
• Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic)

• +/-Squamous whorls

Adenocarcinoma

• Invading" cell clusters or glands

• Cribriforming (more than rare) or desmoplasia or "deep" invasion (into submucosa)

• Nuclear atypia of malignancy:

• Size variation
• Shape variation
• Staining variation

• +/-Mitoses (common)

References

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