Prolactinoma causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]

Overview

There are no established causes for prolactinoma. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring.

Causes

There are no established causes for prolactinoma, although research continues to unravel the mysteries of disordered cell growth, the cause of pituitary tumors remains unknown. It has been shown that stress can significantly raise prolactin levels which should make stress a diagnostic differential though it usually is not considered such. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic--they are not genetically passed from parents to offspring. A minority of prolactinomas are associated with familial syndromes.

Familial Causes

Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:

• Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN I)
• Carney complex
• McCune-Albright Syndrome
• MEN like syndrome (CKDN1B loss of function)

Other Causes

Other causes include:

• The xenoestrogenic chemical Bisphenol-A has been shown to lead to hyperprolactinaemia and growth of prolactin-producing pituitary cells. The increasing and prolonged exposure of Bisphenol-A from childhood may contribute to the growth of a prolactinoma.