Hypopharyngeal cancer risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of hypopharyngeal cancer are smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco, heavy alcohol intake, and Plummer-Vinson syndrome.[1]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of hypopharyngeal cancer are:[2]
- Smoking tobacco
- Chewing tobacco
- Heavy alcohol intake
- Diet without essential nutrients
- Plummer-Vinson syndrome
References
- ↑ Hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 7, 2015
- ↑ Hypopharyngeal cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/hypopharyngeal-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 7, 2015