Sandbox: maria8
| Mnemonic | Acronym | Description |
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| Anterior mediastinal masses | 4 T's |
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| Dermatomyositis or polymyositis: risk of underlying malignancy | 30%=30 40%=40 |
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| Chest radiograph: checklist to examine | Pamela Found Our Rotation Particularly Exciting; Very Highly Commended Mainly 'Cus She Arouses: |
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| Chest X-ray interpretation |
Preliminary is ABCDEF: |
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| Chest X-ray: cavitating lesions differential | If you see HOLES on chest X-ray, they are WEIRD: |
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| Lung cancer: main sites for distant metastases | BLAB |
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| Elbow ossification centers, in sequence | CRITOE: |
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| Esophageal cancer: risk factors | ABCDEF: |
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| Head CT scan: evaluation checklist | Blood Can Be Very Bad: |
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| Lung cancer: notorious consequences | SPEECH: |
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| Mole: signs of trouble | ABCDE: | AsymmetryBorder irregularColour irregularDiameter usually > 0.5cmElevation irregular |
| Neck sagittal x-ray: examination checklist | ABCD: | Anterior: look for swellingBones: examine each bone for fracturesCartilage: look for slipped discsDark spots: ensure not abnormally big, or could mean excess blood |
| Osteoarthritis: x-ray signs | LOSS: | Loss of joint spaceOsteopyhtesSubcondral sclerosisSubchondral cysts |
| Prognotic factors for cancer: general | PROGNOSIS: | Presentation (time & course)Response to treatmentOld (bad prog.)Good intervention (i.e. early)Non-compliance with treatmentOrder of differentiation (>1 cell type)Stage of diseaseIll healthSpread (diffuse) |
| Pituitary endocrine functions often affected by pituitary-associated tumor | Go Look For the Adenoma Please: | Tropic hormones affected by growth tumor are:GnRHLSHFSHACTHProlactin function |
| T2 vs. T1 MRI scan | WW 2 (World War II): | Water is White in a T2 scan.Conversely, a T1 scan shows fat as being whiter. |
| Upper lobe shadowing: causes | BREASTS: | BerylliumRadiationExtrinsic allergic alveolitisAnkylosing spondylitisSarcoidosisTBSiliconiosis |
| Abdominal organ echogenicity (mnemonic) | Darling Parents So Love Kids | D: diaphragm P: pancreas S: spleen L: liver K: kidneys(cortex) |
| Abnormal collection of barium anywhere (mnemonic) | FEDUP | F: fistula E: extravasation D: diverticulum U: ulcer P: perforation |
| Accessory ossicles of the wrist | LOTTEO | L: lunula O: os styloideum (carpal boss) T: (os) triangulare T: (os) trapezium secondarium E: (os) epilunate O: os hamuli proprium |
| Ageing blood on MRI | I Bleed, I Die, Bleed Die, Bleed Bleed, Die Die | I Bleed T1 Isointense T2 Bright hyperacute < 24 hrs I Die T1 Isointense T2 Dark acute 1 to 3 days Bleed Die T1 Bright T2 Dark early subacute 2 to 7 days Bleed Bleed T1 Bright T2 Bright late subacute 7 to 14-28 day Die Die T1 Dark T2 Dark chronic > 14 to 28 days |
| Bowel sacculation | MISC | M: metastasis I: ischemia S: scleroderma C: Crohn’s disease |
| Breast lesion localisation | muffins rise and lead falls | muffins rise: if the lesion is located medially, it will be in a higher position |
| calcifying-metastases | BOTOM | B: breast cancer O: osteosarcoma T: papillary thyroid cancer O: ovarian cancer (especially mucinous) M: mucinous adenocarcinoma (especially colorectal carcinoma) |
| Cerebral ring enhancing lesions | DR.MAGIC | M: metastasis A: abscess G: glioblastoma I: infarct (subacute phase) C: contusion D: demyelinating disease R: radiation necrosis or resolving haematoma |
| Features of a Charcot joint | 6 Ds of Charcot joint | increased density (subchondral sclerosis) destruction debris (intra-articular loose bodies) dislocation distention disorganization |
| Chest Xray pre-interpretation | POPIRAM | P: projection, PA or AP ?, left lateral or right lateral ? O: orientation, determine left and right of the chest X-ray P: penetration ( of the Xray ), under-penetration or over-penetration ? I: inspiration, poor-inspiration or optimal-inspiration ? R: rotation, with or without ? A: angulation, with or without ? M: motion, with or without ? |
| Conditions with a lower lobe predominance | CIA is BADASS | C: collagen vascular disease I: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis A: asbestosis B: bronchiectasis A: aspiration pneumonia D: drugs; desquamative interstitial pneumonia A: asbestosis S: scleroderma and collagen vascular disease |
| Corpus callosum hyperintensity | I MADE A PHD | I: infections (e.g. tuberculosis , varicella, rotavirus, HSV) M: Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome A: AIDS encephalopathy D: diffuse axonal injury and diffuse vascular injury E: epilepsy A: autoimmune disorders: hemolytic uremic syndrome related encephalopathy P: posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome H: hypoglycemia D: demyelination (e.g. multiple sclerosis, ADEM) |
| CT assessment of the trauma patient | ABCDEFGHI | A: aortic transection B: bronchial fracture C: cord injury (thoracic spine) D: diaphragmatic rupture E: (o)esophageal tear F: flail chest G: gas (subtle pneumothorax) H: heart (cardiac injury) I: iatrogenic (misplaced monitoring & support catheters) |
| Cystic lesions of the spleen | TEAM | T: trauma E: echinococcal A: abscess M: metastasis |
| Eggshell calcification in thorax and mediastinum | A Silly Cool Sergeant Likes His Tubercular Blast | A: amyloidosis S: silicosis C: coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) S: sarcoidosis L: lymphoma: (postirradiation Hodgkin disease) H: histoplasmosis (e.g. pulmonary histoplasmosis) T: tuberculosis B: blastomycosis (e.g. pulmonary blastomycosis) |
| Emergency CT head (mnemonic) | Blood Can Be Very Bad | B: blood look for epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and (also) extracranial hemorrhage. C: cisterns look for the presence of blood, effacement and asymmetry in four key cisterns (circummesencephalic, suprasellar, quadrigeminal and sylvian cisterns). B: brain look for asymmetry or effacement of the sulcal pattern, gray-white matter differentiation (including the insular ribbon sign), structural shifts and abnormal hypo (e.g. air, edema) or hyperdensities (e.g. blood, calcification). V: ventricles look for intraventricular hemorrhage, ventricular effacement or shift and for hydrocephalus. B: bone look for skull fractures (especially basilar) in bone windows (soft tissue swelling, mastoid air cells and paranasal sinuses fluid in the setting of trauma should raise the possibility of a skull fracture; intracranial air means that the skull and the dura have been violated somewhere). |
| Very bizarre generalised lesions | Oh my god lesions | Paget disease Fibrous dysplasia Neurofibromatosis Charcot joint |
| Unilateral hyperlucent hemithorax | SAFE POEM | S: Swyer-James syndrome A: agenesis (pulmonary) F: fibrosis (mediastinal) E: effusion (pleural effusion on the contralateral side) P: pneumonectomy/pneumothorax O: obstruction E: embolus (pulmonary) M: mucous plug |
| T2 hypointense basal ganglia | ChOMP | Ch: childhood hypoxia O: old age M: multiple sclerosis P: Parkinson's disease, more in globus pallidus |
| T2 hyperintense basal ganglia | LINT | L: lymphoma I: ischaemia N: neurodegenerative conditions T: toxins |
| Endobronchial metastases | Kiss My RBC | Kiss: Kaposi sarcoma My: melanoma R: renal cell carcinoma B: breast cancer C: colorectal carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, carcinoid |
| Features of a Charcot joint | 6 Ds of Charcot joint | increased density (subchondral sclerosis) destruction debris (intra-articular loose bodies) dislocation distention disorganization |
| Fluid-fluid level containing bone lesions | GOATS CSF | G: giant cell tumour O: osteoblastoma A: aneurysmal bone cyst T: telangiectatic osteosarcoma S: sarcomas C: chondroblastoma S: solitary bone cyst F: fibroxanthoma |
| Focal pulmonary opacity | 4 Fs | F: 'fection (pulmonary infection) F: 'farction (pulmonary infarction) F: fluid (pulmonary oedema) F: f***ed (lung cancer) |
| Haemorrhagic metastases | MR CT BB | M: melanoma: metastatic melanoma to brain R: renal cell carcinoma C: choriocarcinoma T: thyroid carcinoma, teratoma B: bronchogenic carcinoma B: breast carcinoma |
| Hair on end sign | HI NEST | herditary spherocytosis iron deficiency anaemia neuroblastoma enzyme deficiency, e.g. G-6-P deficiency causing haemolytic anaemia sickle cell disease thalassemia major |
| Communications between the anterior (carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) systems. | HOT Pepper | Hypoglossal artery Otic artery Trigeminal artery Proatlantal intersegmental artery Persistent stapedial artery |
| Hyperintense on T1-weighted images | My Best Friend is Pretty Cool | M: melanin B: blood (i.e. metheamoglobin in subacute haemorrhage) F: fat P: protein; paramagnetic substances (e.g. manganese, copper); posterior pituitary gland C: contrast (i.e. gadolinium) |
| Increased bone density | Regular Sex Makes Occasional Perversions Much More Fun, Happening and Lovely | R: renal osteodystrophy S: sickle cell disease M: metastasis (osteoblastic) O: osteopetrosis P: pyknodysostosis; Paget's disease M: myelofibrosis M: mastocytosis F: fluorosis H: hyperparathyroidism; hypervitaminosis A and D L: lymphoma |
| Low signal masses in synovium | PACS | P: pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) A: amyloid C: chronic bleeding disorders, e.g. haemophilia S: synovial osteochondromatosis |
| Lucent rib lesions | FEMALE | F: fibrous dysplasiaE: enchondromaM: metastasis/myelomaA: ABCL: lymphomaE: eosinophilic granuloma |
| Lung consolidation | A2BC3 | A: acinar rosettes A: air bronchogram/alveologram B: bat-wing distribution C: coalescent/confluent ill-defined "fluffy"" appearnce |
| C: consolidation: diffuse, perihilar/bibasilar, lobar/segmental, locular/multifocal | ||
| C: changes occur rapidly | ||
| Lymphangitic carcinomatosis " | Certain Cancers Spread By Plugging The Lymphatics | C: cervix C: colon S: stomach B: breast P: pancreas T: thyroid L: larynx |
| Lytic bone lesion | FOG MACHINES |
F: fibrous dysplasia or fibrous cortical defect (FCD) O: osteoblastoma G: giant cell tumour (GCT) M: metastasis(es)/myeloma A: aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) C: chondroblastoma or chondromyxoid fibroma H: hyperparathyroidism (brown tumour) I: infection (osteomyelitis) N: non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) E: enchondroma or eosinophilic granuloma (EG) S: simple (unicameral) bone cyst |
| Lytic bone lesion surrounded by marked sclerosis | BOOST |
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| Lytic rib lesion | FAME |
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| Lytic skull lesions | MEL TORME |
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| Multiple benign lucent bone lesions | Never Pee On Huge Heavy Elephants From Jersey City |
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| Multiple lytic bone lesions | FFEMHI |
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| Peripheral lung opacities | AEIOU |
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| Chest Xray pre-interpretation | POPIRAM |
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| Causes of lung cavitation | CAVITY |
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