Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was known to emerge from different stages as follows:
Bacteria migrating from the infected bowel (due to the altered bowel flora ) seen in hepatic cirrhosis enter the portal blood and escape the "bacterial filter" in the liver since a high proportion of the portal flow in cirrhotics may bypass the liver sinusoids.
Having entered into the systemic circulation the bacteria are more likely to survive since cirrhotics have a reduced resistance to infection.
In such conditions, they are more prone to cause bacteremia and life-threatening sepsis.

A few case reports have appeared in the French and American literature but the condition attracted little attention until 1958.
In 1958, Caroli and Platteborse described 20 patients with cirrhosis developing coliform septicemia and peritonitis, in whom Gram-negative organisms were cultured from blood, ascitic fluid, or both.
Kerr and colleagues in 1963 published two papers on the ascitic fluid infection as a complication of cirrhosis.^[1]
Prof Harold O. Conn was the first to use term "spontaneous bacterial peritonitis" in English literature in 1964.
Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with cirrhosis.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues (1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this cirrhosis complication almost simultaneously.^[2]
Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.
Later in the history, SBP was studied extensively by many renowned researchers and health care professionals as this condition was seen among many patients with [[cirrhosis], which has lead to the thorough understanding and recognition of SBP.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was first described in medical literature in 1885 by Da Bozzolo.
The first reports of SBP appeared in the German and French literatures between 1907 and 1958.
Krencker 1907; Brule et al 1939; Cachin 1955; Navasa et al 1999 described that ascitic fluid infections were most common in patients with cirrhosis.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), reported by Caroli and Platteborse (1958) has had its importance increased since Kerr and colleagues[1](1963) and Conn (1964) published two papers about this cirrhosis complication almost simultaneously.^[1]^[2]
Kerr and colleagues (1963) described 11 episodes of ascitic fluid infection in 9 cirrhotic patients while Harold O.Conn , M.D, a world-renowned hepatologist (1964) introduced the term “spontaneous bacterial peritonitis” for the first time in English literature.^[3]^[4]^[5]
E. coli was found in the majority of patients with SBP as reported by Conn et al. (66%) and Kerr et al. (72%) and consistently remains most common isolate in recent literature albeit with lower prevalence.