Systemic lupus erythematosus risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Risk Factors

The underlying cause of this autoimmune disease is not clear. Clinical data shows that the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the following factors:

• Female: SLE affects nine times as many women as men.
• Age: From 10 to 50 yrs
• Race: African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races. non-Causcasian race
• Drugs, such as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, penicillamine, procainamide, quinidine and sulfasalazine.
• People with relatives who suffer from SLE, rheumatoid arthritis or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are at a slightly higher risk than the general population.

• Infections can stimulates some antigen specific cells and lead to SLE disease:
  • Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): may induce anti-DNA antibodies or even lupus-like symptoms. It is associated with higher risk of SLE and also triggering the active course of disease in children
  • Trypanosomiasis or mycobacterial infections may have the same effect as EBV
  • SLE active disease flares may follow bacterial infections as well
• Ultraviolet (UV) light: Can stimulates B-cells to produce more antibodies. It can also interfere with antigen processing by activation of macrophages and hence increase the degree of autoimmunity
• Cigarette smoking 11708417
• crystalline silica exposure in work environment (e.g. cleaning powders, soil, pottery materials, cement etc.) 12124868
• Drug allergy 12464374
• caring a pet (especially pet dog)
• moderate alcohol drinking had a protective effect on the development of SLE. Taken together, our results show that moderate alcohol drinking might be protective for SLE. 18795396