Systemic lupus erythematosus ultrasound or echocardiography

Systemic lupus erythematosus Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Ultrasound

Ultrasound can be used for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus complications in 2 ways: echocardiography for evaluation of cardiac complications and ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal muscular and synovial problems

• Ultrasonography of synovial tissue in knee may show synovial proliferation and effusions. Ultrasound may also shows synovitis but there is usually no erosions (the difference between SLE and RA).
• Abdomen
  • Hepatosplenomegaly

• Pleural effusion: echo-free space between the visceral and parietal pleura

Nephritis manifestations

• Hyperechoic kidneys
  • The size of the kidney depends on the duration of renal involvement
  • Small and diffusely echogenic kidneys mostly manifests chronic renal failure due to SLE

Echocardiography

• Decrease ejection fraction

Myocardium

• Wall motion abnormality diagnosed mostly by trans-esophageal echocardiography mainly due to mayocarditis

Pericardium

• Effusion pericarditis

Valvular diseases

• Valve leaflet thickening due to Libman-Sacks endocarditis characterized by the formation of small single or multiple, sterile, granular pink vegetations ranging from 1 to 4 mm Nihoyannopoulos P, Gomez PM, Joshi J, Loizou S, Walport MJ, Oakley CM. Cardiac abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with raised anticardiolipin antibodies. Circulation 1990; 82:369-375.
• Valve thickening
• Valve regurgitation