Goiter overview

Goiter Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Pathophysiology

When the TRH-TSH thyroid hormone axis is interfered, it results in the structural and functional changes of the thyroid gland. Increased TSH production is trigerred by a deficiency in thyroid hormone synthesis or intake. In order to normalize thyroid hormone levels, the increase in TSH leads to increased cellularity and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland and when this process is continuous, it leads to goiter.