Gastric dumping syndrome classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Dumping syndrome can be divided into two classifications. These classifications are based on the onset of symptoms after the first meal.

	Early Dumping	Late Dumping
Onset	15-30 minutes after a meal	60-180 minutes after a meal
Risk Factor	Bariatric Surgery	Hyperosmolar chyme
Mechanism	Increased release of multiple GI hormones Decrease in gastric volume Impaired retention Possible Pyloric dysfunction	Rapid glucose absorption Incretin release (GLP-1) Amplified insulin secretion
Symptoms	Nausea Bloating Vomiting Diarrhea Borborygmus Epigastric fullness Abdominal cramps Diaphoresis Desire to lie down Headache Flushing Fatigue Lightheadedness Pallor Palpitations Syncope	Tremor Hunger Perspiration Difficulty with concentration Decreased consciousness
Hormones	Vasoactive agents (VIP, Neurotensin) Incretins (GIP, GLP-1) Glucose-modulating hormones (Glucagon, Insulin)	Incretin