Esophageal cancer historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ; Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Cases of esophageal cancer can be noted as far back as ancient Egypt around 3000 BC. Since then there have been advances in the imaging technique and treatment of esophageal cancer, including esophageal ultrasound and monoclonal antibody therapy.

Historical Perspective

Esophageal Cancer Timeline

Esophageal cancer was described first in ancient Egypt around 3000 BC. An Egyptian scribe had recorded on papyrus that he had fixed "a hole in the gullet".                                   0 - 1 AD, the Chinese had described "swallowing syndromes" caused by cancer.                                   1724, Boerhaave reported a case of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.                                   1871, Billroth successfully resected and reanastomosed the cervical esophagus in dogs.                                   1881, Mickulicz studies the physiology of the esophagus and in 1886, treats esophageal cancer via resection and plastic reconstruction.                                   1938, Adams is the first surgeon in the United States to perform transthoracic esophageal resection with immediate esophagogastrostomy.                                   1946, Ivor Lewis introduces esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy through a right thoractomy.                                   1984, Leichman and colleagues at Wayne State University combine 3,000 cGy with two cycles of 5-FU and cisplatin preoperatively in 21 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.                                   1997, multiple phase III randomized trials fail to show significant survival benefit for neoadjuvant multimodality therapy.                                   21st century, new endoscopy techniques, new types of chemotherapy, advances in radiological instruments and improvements in surveillance.

Famous Cases

• Humphrey Bogart died in 1957 after complications of esophageal cancer.

References

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