Multiple sclerosis causes
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Overview
Common causes of multiple sclerosis include: Autoimmunity, genetic, infectious and degeneration.
Causes
Multiple sclerosis may be caused by:
Autoimmunity:
The main hypothesis regarding MS etiology is that it is caused by an autoimmune reaction against central nervous system (CNS).[1] Self reactive T cells which has been activated by a foreign (virus for example) or native factor, will attack the myelin sheath around the neurons.[2] Presents of autoreactive T cells and myelin basic protein-specific CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood smear of MS patients supports the autoimmune hypothesis.[3] [4]
Genetic:
There is some evidence proving genetic involvement in onset of MS so that it increases the risk of developing MS from 0.1 % in general population to 3% in those who have siblings with MS and 25% in those with a monozygote twin affected.[5] HLA alleles seems to have a huge relationship with MS susceptibility.[6]
Infectious:
Degeneration:
References
- ↑ Compston A, Coles A (2008). "Multiple sclerosis". Lancet. 372 (9648): 1502–17. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7. PMID 18970977.
- ↑ Korn T (2008). "Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis". J. Neurol. 255 Suppl 6: 2–6. doi:10.1007/s00415-008-6001-2. PMID 19300953.
- ↑ Pette M, Fujita K, Kitze B, Whitaker JN, Albert E, Kappos L, Wekerle H (1990). "Myelin basic protein-specific T lymphocyte lines from MS patients and healthy individuals". Neurology. 40 (11): 1770–6. PMID 1700336.
- ↑ Bielekova B, Goodwin B, Richert N, Cortese I, Kondo T, Afshar G, Gran B, Eaton J, Antel J, Frank JA, McFarland HF, Martin R (2000). "Encephalitogenic potential of the myelin basic protein peptide (amino acids 83-99) in multiple sclerosis: results of a phase II clinical trial with an altered peptide ligand". Nat. Med. 6 (10): 1167–75. doi:10.1038/80516. PMID 11017150.
- ↑ Dessa Sadovnick A (2002). "The genetics of multiple sclerosis". Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 104 (3): 199–202. PMID 12127654.
- ↑ Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA (2011). "What is Next for the Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis?". Autoimmune Dis. 2011: 519450. doi:10.4061/2011/519450. PMC 3085300. PMID 21541245.