Cholangiocarcinoma pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Cholangiocarcinoma is originated by a malignant transformation of cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the biliary ducts.[1]
- Cholangiocarcinoma is thought to develop through a series of stages from early hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, to the development of frank carcinoma in a process similar to that observed in the development of colon cancer.[2]
- In specimens of bile ducts from patients with hepatolithiasis, biliary intraepithelial neoplasia is a common finding and is considered to be a precursor lesion of cholangiocarcinoma.[3]
- Chronic inflammation, obstruction of the bile ducts, and the resulting impaired bile flow are thought to play a role in the progression of cancer.[2][4][5]
Genetics
- [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
- The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Fava, G.; Lorenzini, I. (2012). "Molecular Pathogenesis of Cholangiocarcinoma". International Journal of Hepatology. 2012: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2012/630543. ISSN 2090-3448.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sirica A (2005). "Cholangiocarcinoma: molecular targeting strategies for chemoprevention and therapy". Hepatology. 41 (1): 5–15. PMID 15690474.
- ↑ Cholangiocarcinoma. Radiopaedia. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/cholangiocarcinoma
- ↑ Holzinger F, Z'graggen K, Büchler M. "Mechanisms of biliary carcinogenesis: a pathogenetic multi-stage cascade towards cholangiocarcinoma". Ann Oncol. 10 Suppl 4: 122–6. PMID 10436802.
- ↑ Gores G (2003). "Cholangiocarcinoma: current concepts and insights". Hepatology. 37 (5): 961–9. PMID 12717374.