Sarcoidosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roshan Dinparasti Saleh M.D.
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Overview
Sarcoidosis is a worldwide disease but there are some parts of the world and some ethnic groups which sarcoidosis is more common. Sarcoidosis is not common before adulthood. It is rarely diagnosed in patients younger than 10 years. In children the clinical picture is different from adult, mostly involving eyes(uveitis), skin and joints. Sarcoidosis is believed to be more common in women compared to men.
Epidemiology
Sarcoidosis involves all ethnic groups over the world, but the incidence varies in different regions and/or ethnic groups[1]. The annual incidence is highest in Northern Europe(5 to 40 cases per 100,000)[2], whereas in Eastern Europe only 3.68 cases of sarcoidosis per 100,000 are reported[3]. The global prevalence and incidence is difficult to calculate because of different diagnostic criteria and clinical heterogenicity. Many clinicians believe that the estimates of prevalence and incidence are lower than actual rates[4].
Age
- Sarcoidosis is not common before adulthood and in pediatric population it is usually diagnosed in patients older than 10 years with a peak of 13-15 year-old groups[5]. In children there is a different clinical picture, involving mostly eyes(uveitis), joints and skin rather than lung and lung involvement is diagnosed incidentally by imaging studies[6]. The most common finding in pediatric sarcoidosis is abnormal chest radiography[7].
- The clinical scenario in juvenile-onset sarcoidosis is more similar to adult type[8][9].
- In United States nearly half of the patients are older than 40 with a bimodal peaks of age of onset, 20-29 and 60-65[1][10][11].
Gender
- Sarcoidosis is believed to be more common in women(57% of patients) compared to men[12].
- Ocular and neurologic symptoms are more common in women[13].
Race
- The annual incidence of sarcoidosis in black americans compared to white americans is 3:1[14][1].
- The prognosis is also more likely to be poor in black americans[15].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Hosoda Y, Yamaguchi M, Hiraga Y: Global epidemiology of sarcoidosis. What story do prevalance and incidence tell us? Clin Chest Med 18:681–694, 1997.
- ↑ Pietinalho A, Hiraga Y, Hosoda Y, Lofroos AB, Yamaguchi M, Selroos O. The frequency of sarcoidosis in Finland and Hokkaido, Japan: a comparative epidemiological study. Sarcoidosis 1995;12:61-67.
- ↑ Kolek V: Epidemiological study on sarcoidosis in Moravia and Silesia. Sarcoidosis 11:110–112, 1994.
- ↑ Reich JM: A critical analysis of sarcoidosis incidence assessment. Multidiscip Respir Med 8:57, 2013.
- ↑ Baculard A, Blanc N, Boule M, et al: Pulmonary sarcoidosis in children: a follow-up study. Eur Respir J 17:628–635, 2001.
- ↑ Pattishall EN, Strope GL, Spinola SM, Denny FW: Childhood sarcoidosis. J Pediatr 108:169–177, 1986.
- ↑ Milman N, Hoffmann AL: Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. Eur Respir J 31:592–598, 2008.
- ↑ Fretzayas A, Moustaki M, Vougiouka O: The puzzling clinical spectrum and course of juvenile sarcoidosis. World J Pediatr 7:103–110, 2011.
- ↑ Shetty AK, Gedalia A: Childhood sarcoidosis: a rare but fascinating disorder. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 6:16, 2008.
- ↑ Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, et al: Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:1885–1889, 2001.
- ↑ Hillerdal G, Nou E, Osterman K, Schmekel B: Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and prognosis. A 15-year European study. Am Rev Respir Dis130:29–32, 1984.
- ↑ Sharma OP: Sarcoidosis around the world. Clin Chest Med 29:357–363, vii, 2008.
- ↑ Jones N, Mochizuki M: Sarcoidosis: epidemiology and clinical features. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 18:72–79, 2010.
- ↑ Rybicki BA, Major M, Popovich J Jr, Maliarik MJ, Iannuzzi MC. Racial differences in sarcoidosis incidence: a 5-year study in a health maintenance organization. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:234-241.
- ↑ Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1885-1889.