Antiphospholipid syndrome causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2]
Overview
Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, infections and malignancies.
Causes
Antiphospholipid syndrome can occur idiopathic or due to autoimmune diseases, certain drugs, infections and malignancies.
The causes of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome are as follows:
| Autoimmune diseases | Infections | Drugs | Malignancy |
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Bacterial infections:
Viral infections:
Parasitic infections:
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Tumors of the following organs can cause APS:
Cancers:
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References
- ↑ McNeil HP, Chesterman CN, Krilis SA (1991). "Immunology and clinical importance of antiphospholipid antibodies". Adv Immunol. 49: 193–280. PMID 1853785.
- ↑ Safa O, Crippa L, Della Valle P, Sabbadini MG, Viganò D'Angelo S, D'Angelo A (1999). "IgG reactivity to phospholipid-bound beta(2)-glycoprotein I is the main determinant of the fraction of lupus anticoagulant activity quenched by addition of hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid in patients with the clinical suspicion of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome". Haematologica. 84 (9): 829–38. PMID 10477458.
- ↑ Triplett DA (1998). "Many faces of lupus anticoagulants". Lupus. 7 Suppl 2: S18–22. PMID 9814666.