Sarcoidosis natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roshan Dinparasti Saleh M.D.
Overview
The overall mortality in sarcoidosis is low (about 5%), and many patients with spontaneous regression will never require treatment. Complications include pulmonary hypertension, fatigue, osteoporosis, aspergilloma.
Natural History
The overall mortality in sarcoidosis is low (about 5%), and many patients with spontaneous regression will never require treatment[1]. In people who need treatment, important differences exist between African-American and white patients. African-American patients with sarcoidosis experience a more severe and systemic disease and 12 times higher mortality [2]
Complications
- SAPH: sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension[3][4]
- Fatigue[5]
- Osteoporosis[6][7]
- Aspergilloma[8][9][10]
- Ventricular arrhythmias[11]
- Saddle nose defirmity
- Renal failure due to hypercalcemia and/or intersitial nephritis</ref>Mahevas M, Lescure FX, Boffa JJ, et al: Renal sarcoidosis: clinical, laboratory, and histologic presentation and outcome in 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 88(2):98–106, 2009.</ref>
Prognosis
- African-American patients with sarcoidosis experience a more severe and systemic disease and 12 times higher mortality [2]
References
- ↑ Gerke AK: Morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 20:472–478, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mirsaeidi M, et al: Racial difference in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States. Chest 147:438–449, 2015.
- ↑ Fisher KA, Serlin DM, Wilson KC, et al: Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: outcome with long term epoprostenol treatment. Chest 130(5):1481–1488, 2006.
- ↑ Preston IR, Klinger JR, Landzberg MJ, et al: Vasoresponsiveness of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension. Chest 120(3):866–872, 2001.
- ↑ de Kleijn WP, de Vries J, Lower EE, et al: Fatigue in sarcoidosis: a systematic review. Curr Opin Pulm Med 15(5):499–506, 2009.
- ↑ Kavathia D, Buckley JD, Rao D, et al: Elevated 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with protracted treatment in sarcoidosis. Respir Med 104(4):564–570, 2010.
- ↑ Gonnelli S, Rottoli P, Cepollaro C, et al: Prevention of corticosteroidinduced osteoporosis with alendronate in sarcoid patients. Calcif Tissue Int 61(5):382–385, 1997.
- ↑ Denning DW, Pleuvry A, Cole DC: Global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicating sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 41(3):621–626, 2013.
- ↑ Pena TA, Soubani AO, Samavati L: Aspergillus lung disease in patients with sarcoidosis: a case series and review of the literature. Lung 189(2):167–172, 2011.
- ↑ Baughman RP, Lower EE: Fungal infections as a complication of therapy for sarcoidosis. QJM 98:451–456, 2005.
- ↑ Birnie DH, Sauer WH, Bogun F, et al: HRS expert concensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis. Heart Rhythm 11(7):1305–1323, 2014.