Hypocalcemia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Hypocalcaemia (hypocalcemia), is having a low calcium concentrations in the blood.The normal range of serum calcium lies between 8.8–10.7 mg/dl, 4.3–5.2 mEq/l.In the past 20 years quantification of serum and ionized calcium and PTH concentrations, helps in easier diagnosis.It is difficult to quantify the incidence of ionized hypocalcemia.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of hypocalcemia is inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight.[1][2]
- The percentage of infants who develop hypocalcemia is between 30% to 90%.
- The incidence of hypocalcemia in postsurgical patients is between 80 to 90%.
- The incidence of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy was 27%.[3][4][5][6]
Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of hypocalcemia is approximately 44% in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting.[7][8]
- Hypocalcemia has been reported in critically ill patients, most commonly in association with sepsis syndrome.[9]
Age
References
- ↑ Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ (April 2001). "Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 37 (4): 689–98. PMID 11273867.
- ↑ Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG (December 1982). "Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients". Crit. Care Med. 10 (12): 848–51. PMID 7140332.
- ↑ Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP (November 2014). "Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140 (11): 1006–13. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435. PMC 4316663. PMID 25321339.
- ↑ Baldassarre RL, Chang DC, Brumund KT, Bouvet M (2012). "Predictors of hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy: results from the nationwide inpatient sample". ISRN Surg. 2012: 838614. doi:10.5402/2012/838614. PMC 3403163. PMID 22844618.
- ↑ Edafe O, Prasad P, Harrison BJ, Balasubramanian SP (April 2014). "Incidence and predictors of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in a tertiary endocrine surgical unit". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 96 (3): 219–23. doi:10.1308/003588414X13814021679753. PMC 4474053. PMID 24780788.
- ↑ Noureldine SI, Genther DJ, Lopez M, Agrawal N, Tufano RP (November 2014). "Early predictors of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy: an analysis of 304 patients using a short-stay monitoring protocol". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 140 (11): 1006–13. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2014.2435. PMC 4316663. PMID 25321339.
- ↑ Desai TK, Carlson RW, Geheb MA (February 1988). "Prevalence and clinical implications of hypocalcemia in acutely ill patients in a medical intensive care setting". Am. J. Med. 84 (2): 209–14. PMID 3407650.
- ↑ Chernow B, Zaloga G, McFadden E, Clapper M, Kotler M, Barton M, Rainey TG (December 1982). "Hypocalcemia in critically ill patients". Crit. Care Med. 10 (12): 848–51. PMID 7140332.
- ↑ Zivin JR, Gooley T, Zager RA, Ryan MJ (April 2001). "Hypocalcemia: a pervasive metabolic abnormality in the critically ill". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 37 (4): 689–98. PMID 11273867.