Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis epidemiology and demographics
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Since Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a small portion of all glomerular disease, there is not enough evidence to completely demonstrate the epidemiology of this specific category.
Albeit, there are strong valid studies demonstrate the incidence and prevalence of all glomerular diseases.
Correlation of age and sex with glomerular disease
Due to the pathophysiology of glomerular disease, incidence of most of the glomerular disease is in children and young adult, with no sex predilection .[1][2][3]
| Age-adjusted trends in patient demographics among patients with specified glomerular disease diagnoses* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| demographic variables | 1986-1995, % | 1996-2005, % | 2006-2015, % | Total, % | |
| Gender | Male | 51.9 | 50.1 | 51.1 | 50.8 |
| Female | 48 | 49.1 | 48.8 | 48.9 | |
| missing sex | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.3 | |
| Race | White | 64.1 | 56.5 | 54.7 | 56.8 |
| Black | 34.5 | 39.9 | 38.2 | 38.3 | |
| Latino | 0.6 | 1.8 | 4.2 | 2.8 | |
| Asian | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.4 | |
| Other | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | |
| *These are datas for USA population | |||||
Epidemiology of specific glomerular disease
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is observed in 6-12% of US patients receiving renal biopsies to evaluate glomerular diseases. This entity accounts for 7% of children and 12% of adults with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.
- MPGN causes a significant proportion of the cases of nephritis among patients in nonindustrialized countries. For example, in Mexico, MPGN accounts for 40% of all patients with nephritis. Most of these patients have type I disease; MPGN type II is uncommon. However, the incidence of MPGN type I is decreasing progressively in developed countries, which may be explained by a change in environmental factors, especially a decline in infections.
- In an investigation of the changing patterns of adult primary glomerular disease occurrence in a single region of the United Kingdom, Hanko analyzed the results of 1844 native renal biopsies taken between 1976 and 2005 (inclusive) and found the presence of primary glomerulonephritis was revealed in 49% of the biopsies, with the most common forms being immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (38.8%).
- Other common forms were membranous nephropathy (29.4%), minimal-change disease (MCD) (9.8%), MPGN type 1 (9.6%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (5.7%). The incidence of IgA nephropathy increased significantly over the study period, whereas the occurrence of membranous nephropathy decreased.
- In the United States, MPGN predominantly affects the white population. Type I disease affects women more often than men, whereas a nearly equal sex distribution is seen in MPGN type II.
- The idiopathic forms of MPGN are more common in children and young adults (range, 6-30 y). Isolated reports of involvement in patients as young as 2 years and as old as 80 years are noted in the literature. Secondary types of MPGN predominate among adults.
By dividing glomerular diseases into two subtypes, which are Nephrotic or Nephritic, subdividing into several specific disease will be much more easier[1][2] .The incidence of MPGN (as a lesion in renal biopsies) ranges from 1.4 to 9.3 cases per million population (pmp) per year and with few exceptions, the incidence has decreased over time[4]
| Temporal trends in the renal biopsy frequencies of glomerular disease subtypes among patients with specified glomerular disease diagnoses* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| demographic variables | 1986-1995, % | 1996-2005, % | 2006-2015, % | Total, % | |
| Nephrotic subtypes | FSGS | 22.6 | 27.2 | 24.7 | 25.3 |
| Diabetic glomerulosclerosis | 5.5 | 11.4 | 19.1 | 14.2 | |
| Membranous nephropathy | 17.8 | 13.8 | 10.6 | 12.9 | |
| Minimal change disease | 8.8 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 5.3 | |
| MPGN | 4.5 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.0 | |
| Amyloidosis | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | |
| MIDD | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.1 | |
| Dense deposit disease | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.3 | |
| Fabry disease | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | |
| Collagenofibrotic glomerulopathy | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Total | 52.4 | 63.7 | 65.3 | 64.3 | |
| Nephritic subtypes | Lupus nephritis | 12.8 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 12.5 |
| IgAN | 10.2 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 10.3 | |
| ANCA/pauci-immune GN | 9.3 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 7.9 | |
| TBM lesion | 1.9 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 2.2 | |
| Fibrillary GN | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| Anti-GBM nephritis | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |
| Alport syndrome | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Immunotactoid GN | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| Total | 37.6 | 36.3 | 34.7 | 35.7 | |
| *These are datas for USA population | |||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Sangeetha Murugapandian, MD, Iyad Mansour, MD, Mohammad Hudeeb, MD, Khaled Hamed, MD, Emad Hammode, MD, Babitha Bijin, MD, Sepehr Daheshpour, MD, Bijin Thajudeen, MD, and Pradeep Kadambi, MD (2016). "Epidemiology of Glomerular Disease in Southern Arizona". Medicine. 95.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Michelle M. O’Shaughnessy, Susan L. Hogan, Caroline J. Poulton, Ronald J. Falk, Harsharan K. Singh, Volker Nickeleit, and J. Charles Jennette (2017). "Temporal and Demographic Trends in Glomerular Disease Epidemiology in the Southeastern United States, 1986–2015". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 12.
- ↑ Bassam Alchi & David Jayne (2010). "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis". Pediatr Nephrol, Springer.
- ↑ Patrick Maisonneuve, MD, Lawrence Agodoa, MD, Ryszard Gellert, MD, John H. Stewart, MB, Gherardo Buccianti, MD, Albert B. Lowenfels, MD, Robert A. Wolfe, PhD, Elisabeth Jones, MD, Alex P.S. Disney, MD, Douglas Briggs, MD, Margaret McCredie, PhD, and Peter Boyle, PhD. "Distribution of Primary Renal Diseases Leading to End-Stage Renal Failure in the United States, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand: Results From an International Comparative Study". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 35.