Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
History and Symptoms
- Patients with MPGN may present in 1 of 5 ways, as follows:
- Asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria detected on routine urinalysis (23-30%)
- Nephrotic syndrome (42-67%)
- Acute nephritic syndrome (16-30%)
- Recurrent episodes of gross hematuria (10-20%)
- Azotemia
- Asymptomatic presentation: Proteinuria and hematuria may be detected on routine urinalysis, prompting further investigations.
- Gross hematuria: Patients may have episodes of gross hematuria similar to those observed with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy. These episodes are usually associated with upper respiratory infection.
- Edema: Periorbital or dependent edema may develop in patients with nephritic or nephrotic presentations.
- Fatigue: This symptom is secondary to anemia or azotemia. The anemia often is disproportional to the degree of renal insufficiency and relates to complement-mediated lysis of red cells.
- Oliguria: Patients with an acute nephritic presentation may develop a decrease in urine output.
- Azotemic symptoms: Patients may develop acute renal failure with the acute nephritic syndrome, which usually correlates with crescentic transformation on histology. Other patients may present with advanced chronic renal insufficiency.