Mediastinal mass
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Mediastinal mass Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2], Amr Marawan, M.D. [3]
Synonyms and keywords: Mediastinal enlargement; mass in the mediastinum
Overview
The mediastinum is a non-delineated group of structures in the thorax (chest), surrounded by loose connective tissue. It is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It contains the heart, the great vessels of the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest. A wide variety of diseases involving these organs can present as a mediastinal mass or widening of the mediastinum on imaging studies. Mediastinal widening is diagnosed by the mediastinum measuring greater than 8 cm in width on PA chest x-ray. The mediastinal mass may present with symptoms caused by the mass pressing against other organs or even without any symptoms. Mediastinal masses can be differentiated on the basis of location in the mediastinal cavity into 3 groups: Prevascular, visceral and paravertebral.
| Compartments | Boundaries | Components |
|---|---|---|
| Prevascular | Superior: Thoracic inlet
Inferior: Diaphragm Anterior: Sternum Posterior: Anterior aspect of pericardium Lateral: Parietal mediastinal pleura |
Thymus
Fat Lymph nodes Left brachiocephalic vein |
| Visceral | Superior: Thoracic inlet
Inferior: Diaphragm Anterior Posterior Lateral |
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| Paravertebral | Superior: Thoracic inlet
Inferior: Diaphragm Anterior Posterior Lateral |