Rhabdomyosarcoma natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Overview
Common complications of rhabdomyosarcoma include metastasis to lung, bone marrow, and bone. Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 72%. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis. Histologically, the embryonal type rhabdomyosarcoma and anatomically, the orbital and genitourinary tract rhabdomyosarcomas have the most favorable prognosis.
Complications
- Rhabdomyosarcoma may cause metastasis to other organs.[1]
- Patients may develop with some complications after treatment such as:[5]
- Cardiomyopathy
- Regarding anthracycline and cyclophosphamide use
- Pulmonary failure
- Renal electrolyte wasting
- Regarding ifosfamide use
- Acute myelogenous leukemia
- Regarding etoposide use
- Secondary malignancies
- Skin and bone tumors regarding radiotherapy
- Cardiomyopathy
- Long-term complications after treatment
- Common long-term complications are as following:
- Short stature and facial asymmetry
- Poor dentition
- Impaired hearing, vision, and learning
- Common long-term complications are as following:
- Specific long-term complications of different tumor sites are listed below.
Prognosis
- Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 72%.
- The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. The 5 year event free survival rate is less than 30%.
- Histologically, the embryonal type rhabdomyosarcoma and anatomically, the orbital and genitourinary tract rhabdomyosarcomas have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ Raney RB, Tefft M, Maurer HM, Ragab AH, Hays DM, Soule EH; et al. (1988). "Disease patterns and survival rate in children with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma. A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-I". Cancer. 62 (7): 1257–66. PMID 2843274.
- ↑ Koscielniak E, Rodary C, Flamant F, Carli M, Treuner J, Pinkerton CR; et al. (1992). "Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma and histologically similar tumors in childhood: a retrospective European multi-center analysis". Med Pediatr Oncol. 20 (3): 209–14. PMID 1574030.
- ↑ Ruymann FB, Newton WA, Ragab AH, Donaldson MH, Foulkes M (1984). "Bone marrow metastases at diagnosis in children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study". Cancer. 53 (2): 368–73. PMID 6546301.
- ↑ Breneman JC, Lyden E, Pappo AS, Link MP, Anderson JR, Parham DM; et al. (2003). "Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma--a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV". J Clin Oncol. 21 (1): 78–84. doi:10.1200/JCO.2003.06.129. PMID 12506174.
- ↑ Punyko JA, Mertens AC, Gurney JG, Yasui Y, Donaldson SS, Rodeberg DA; et al. (2005). "Long-term medical effects of childhood and adolescent rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study". Pediatr Blood Cancer. 44 (7): 643–53. doi:10.1002/pbc.20310. PMID 15700252.