Testicular cancer risk factors
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
|
Testicular cancer Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Testicular cancer risk factors On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Testicular cancer risk factors |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Testicular cancer risk factors |
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of testicular cancer are undescended testicle, family history, personal history of testicular cancer, and Klinefelter syndrome.
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors include:[1][2]
- Undescended testicle
- Family history of testicular cancer
- Personal history of testicular cancer
- Klinefelter syndrome
Less Common Risk Factors
Less common risk factors include:
- Testicular microlithiasis
- HIV infection or AIDS
- Early puberty
- Tall height
- Decreased fertility
- Pesticides
- Marijuana
- Prenatal exposure to estrogens
- Vasectomy
- Trauma or injury
- Tobacco
- Alcohol
References
- ↑ Khan O, Protheroe A (October 2007). "Testis cancer". Postgrad Med J. 83 (984): 624–32. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.057992. PMC 2600126. PMID 17916870.
- ↑ McGlynn KA, Trabert B (April 2012). "Adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer". Nat Rev Urol. 9 (6): 339–49. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2012.61. PMC 4031676. PMID 22508459.