Testicular cancer pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2], Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
Overview
On microscopic histopathological analysis of testicular cancer, fried-egg appearance is the characteristic finding of seminoma; marked nuclear atypia is the characteristic finding of embryonal carcinoma; blander cytomorphology, hyaline-type globules, and Schiller-Duval bodies are characteristic findings of yolk sac tumor ; syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblast cells are the characteristic findings of choriocarcinoma.
Pathogenesis
Germ cells tumors
- Seminomas and non seminotous germ cell tumors have similar pathogenesis[1]
- Aneuploid
- Loss of chromosomes 4,5,11,13,18, and Y
- Gain of chromosomes 7,8,12, and X
- More than 90% of all testicular cancers are germ cell tumors. This type of cancer starts in germ cells, which are the cells that develop into sperms.
- About 50% of all germ cell tumors are seminomas, or seminomatous germ cell tumours. They grow slower than non-seminomas.
Microscopic Pathology
Germ cell Tumors[2]
- Clonal proliferation of neoplastic germ cells
- Fried-egg appearance
- Non-seminomas
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- Marked nuclear atypia
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- Blander cytomorphology
- Hyaline-type globules
- Schiller-Duval bodies
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- Both syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblast cells
Genetics
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of renal oncocytoma include:[4]
- 4q22
- 7q22
- 16q22.3
- 17q22
References
- ↑ Bray F, Richiardi L, Ekbom A, Forman D, Pukkala E, Cuninkova M, Møller H (April 2006). "Do testicular seminoma and nonseminoma share the same etiology? Evidence from an age-period-cohort analysis of incidence trends in eight European countries". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15 (4): 652–8. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0565. PMID 16614105.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Krag Jacobsen G, Barlebo H, Olsen J, Schultz HP, Starklint H, Søgaard H; et al. (1984). "Testicular germ cell tumours in Denmark 1976-1980. Pathology of 1058 consecutive cases". Acta Radiol Oncol. 23 (4): 239–47. PMID 6093440.
- ↑ Talerman A, Haije WG, Baggerman L (1980). "Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) in patients with germ cell tumors of the gonads and extragonadal sites: correlation between endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor and raised serum AFP". Cancer. 46 (2): 380–5. PMID 6155988.
- ↑ Testicular cancer. Four new genetic risk factors for testicular cancer identified.http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130512141208.htm