Fibroma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Patients of all age groups may develop fibromas. However, the majority of fibromas are observed in adults. Fibromas usually affects men and women equally, however certain fibromas may show gender predilection. Fibromas are most often observed in adults, but they may occur in individuals of any age and either sex.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Non-ossifying Fibroma
Prevalence
The prevalence of non-ossifying fibroma is estimated to be 30-40 % of all normal children.
Age
Non-ossifying fibromas are the most common fibrous bony lesions in children and adolescents, with a peak incidence at 10-15 years old. Non-ossifying fibromas are not seen beyond the age of 30 years, as they spontaneously heal. The age of presentation of the isolated mandibular non-ossifying fibroma appears to differ from that of the long bones in that the mandibular NOF appears at an older average age at diagnosis. The overall incidence of non-ossifying fibromas in the long bones is 30–40 % of children over the age of 2 with the highest incidence between ages 4 and 8 years.
Gender
Males are more commonly affected with non-ossifying fibromas of the long bones than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 2 to 1. Females are more commonly affected with mandibular NOF than males.
Desmoplastic Fibroma
Incidence
The incidence of desmoplastic fibroma is approximately 0.11% of all primary bone tumors.
Age
The median age at presentation is 21 years.
Gender
Desmoplastic fibromas affects men and women equally.
Ovarian Fibroma
Ovarian fibromas represent 4% of all ovarian neoplasms. They tend to occur mostly during perimenopause and postmenopause.[1][2][3]
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop ovarian fibroma. However, they are most frequently seen in middle-aged women. The median age at diagnosis is 52 years. Ovarian fibromas commonly affects individuals during perimenopause and postmenopause. They are rare in children.
Ossifying Fibroma
Age
Ossifying fibromas most frequently occur in young children (less than 10 years of age). The median age at diagnosis for females and for males is 13 years and 10 years respectively.
Gender
Ossifying fibromas affects men and women equally.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
A chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is an extremely rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm which accounts for < 1% bone tumours.[4][5][6]
Gender
Chondromyxoid fibromas affects men and women equally.
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop chondromyxoid fibroma. However, they are most frequently seen in second and third decades. Approximately 75% of cases occur before the age of 30 years. The location of chondromyxoid fibroma varies with age. It is found predominantly in long bones between 1 and 10 years, while the distribution of localization becomes equal between the long bones, flat bones and ribs in the fourth decade. According to some authors, the average age for intracranial CMF is 37 – 39 years. It is 32.7years (range 15-50 years) among patients who have frontal CMF.The duration of the symptoms before diagnosis varies between 10 days and 20 years.[7]
Cardiac Fibroma
Age
Cardiac fibromas primarily affects children, the majority of cases are detected in infants or in utero. They are the second most common benign primary cardiac tumour in children after cardiac rhabdomyoma and second commonest fetal cardiac tumour.[8]
Pleural Fibromas
Gender
Cardiac fibromas affects men and women equally.
Age
Cardiac fibromas usually presents in the 6th to 7th decades.
Cemento-ossifying Fibroma
Age
Cemento-ossifying fibromas are most frequently diagnosed during the third and fourth decades. Occasionally, they are identified in children, in which case they are a more aggressive variant and are known as juvenile aggressive cemento-ossifying fibromas. Patients of all age groups may develop cemento-ossifying fibroma. Cemento-ossifying fibroma commonly affects individuals 10-20 years of age.
Gender
Females are more commonly affected with cemento-ossifying fibromas than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 3 to 2.
Oral Fibroma
Oral fibromas are the most common oral cavity tumor.
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop oral fibromas. However, they are most commonly seen in older adults, usually 30-50 years old. It affects 1-2% of adults. It is the most common oral cavity tumour.
Gender
Females are more commonly affected with oral fibromas than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 2 to 1.
Giant cell fibroma
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop giant cell fibroma. The majority of cases of giant cell fibroma are diagnosed in persons aged 10-30 years.
Gender
Giant cell fibromas affects men and women equally.
Elastofibroma
Age
Elastofibroma commonly affects individuals older than 50 years of age. Elastofibroma is a rare disease that tends to affect elderly population (< 0.001% of soft tissue tumors).[9][10]
Gender
Females are more commonly affected with elastofibroma than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 5 to 1.
Uterine Fibroma
Age
Uterine fibromas occur in approximately 25% of women of reproductive age. Approximately 40% of women by age 40 years develop uterine fibromas. Uterine fibromas commonly affects females after puberty, they commonly accelerate in growth during pregnancy and involute with menopause. Uterine fibromas commonly affects individuals older than 30 years of age. Approximately 20% to 80% of women develop fibroids by the age of 50.[11][12][13][14][15]
Prevalence
In 2013, it was estimated that 171 million women were affected by uterine fibromas worldwide.[16][17][18][19]
Race
Uterine fibromas usually affects individuals of the African race. Caucasian females are less likely to develop uterine fibromas. African American women are two to three times more likely to get fibroids than Caucasian women. In African-American women fibroids seem to occur at a younger age, grow more quickly, and are more likely to cause symptoms.According to the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, eighty percent of African American women will develop benign uterine fibroid tumors by their late 40s.[20][21][22]
Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
It is a rare lesion
Age
Patients of all age groups may develop peripheral odontogenic fibroma. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma commonly affects individuals ranged from 5 to 65 years of age.
Gender
Peripheral odontogenic fibromas affects men and women equally.
References
- ↑ Boujoual M, Hakimi I, Kouach J, Oukabli M, Moussaoui DR, Dehayni M (2015). "Large twisted ovarian fibroma in menopausal women: a case report". Pan Afr Med J. 20: 322. doi:10.11604/pamj.2015.20.322.5998. PMC 4491469. PMID 26175813.
- ↑ Leung SW, Yuen PM (2006). "Ovarian fibroma: a review on the clinical characteristics, diagnostic difficulties, and management options of 23 cases". Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 62 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1159/000091679. PMID 16498263.
- ↑ Rajabi P, Hani M, Bagheri M, Mirzadeh F (2014). "Large ovarian leiomyoma in young woman". Adv Biomed Res. 3: 88. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.128001. PMC 3988605. PMID 24761396.
- ↑ Sono T, Ware AD, McCarthy EF, James AW (June 2019). "Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Pelvis: Institutional Case Series With a Focus on Distinctive Features". Int. J. Surg. Pathol. 27 (4): 352–359. doi:10.1177/1066896918820446. PMC 6504570 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 30580642. - ↑ Chowdary PB, Patil MD, Govindarajan AK (July 2015). "Chondromyxoid Fibroma: An Unusual Tumour at An Atypical Location". J Clin Diagn Res. 9 (7): XD04–XD05. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/13134.6184. PMID 26393192.
- ↑ Takenaga RK, Frassica FJ, McCarthy EF (2007). "Subperiosteal chondromyxoid fibroma: a report of two cases". Iowa Orthop J. 27: 104–7. PMC 2150655. PMID 17907440.
- ↑ Yerleflen, Frontal Kemikte. "Chondromyxoid fibroma of frontal bone: a case report and review of the literature." Turkish neurosurgery 18.3 (2008): 249-253.
- ↑ Torimitsu S, Nemoto T, Wakayama M, Okubo Y, Yokose T, Kitahara K, Ozawa T, Nakayama H, Shinozaki M, Sasai D, Ishiwatari T, Takuma K, Shibuya K (March 2012). "Literature survey on epidemiology and pathology of cardiac fibroma". Eur. J. Med. Res. 17: 5. doi:10.1186/2047-783X-17-5. PMC 3351722. PMID 22472419.
- ↑ Manchandu R, Foote J, Alawi F (2008). "Elastofibroma presenting as an oral soft tissue mass". J Oral Pathol Med. 37 (2): 125–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00592.x. PMID 18197858.
- ↑ Potter TJ, Summerlin DJ, Rodgers SF (2004). "Elastofibroma: the initial report in the oral mucosa". Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 97 (1): 64–7. doi:10.1016/S1079210403005596. PMID 14716258.
- ↑ Zimmermann A, Bernuit D, Gerlinger C, Schaefers M, Geppert K (March 2012). "Prevalence, symptoms and management of uterine fibroids: an international internet-based survey of 21,746 women". BMC Womens Health. 12: 6. doi:10.1186/1472-6874-12-6. PMC 3342149. PMID 22448610.
- ↑ Wise LA, Laughlin-Tommaso SK (March 2016). "Epidemiology of Uterine Fibroids: From Menarche to Menopause". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 59 (1): 2–24. doi:10.1097/GRF.0000000000000164. PMC 4733579. PMID 26744813.
- ↑ Wise LA, Palmer JR, Stewart EA, Rosenberg L (March 2005). "Age-specific incidence rates for self-reported uterine leiomyomata in the Black Women's Health Study". Obstet Gynecol. 105 (3): 563–8. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000154161.03418.e3. PMC 1847590. PMID 15738025.
- ↑ Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, Goldman MB, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hunter DJ (December 1997). "Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race". Obstet Gynecol. 90 (6): 967–73. PMID 9397113.
- ↑ Okolo S (August 2008). "Incidence, aetiology and epidemiology of uterine fibroids". Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 22 (4): 571–88. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.04.002. PMID 18534913.
- ↑ Commandeur AE, Styer AK, Teixeira JM (2015). "Epidemiological and genetic clues for molecular mechanisms involved in uterine leiomyoma development and growth". Hum. Reprod. Update. 21 (5): 593–615. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmv030. PMC 4533663. PMID 26141720.
- ↑ Laughlin SK, Schroeder JC, Baird DD (May 2010). "New directions in the epidemiology of uterine fibroids". Semin. Reprod. Med. 28 (3): 204–17. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1251477. PMC 5330647. PMID 20414843.
- ↑ Egbe TO, Badjang TG, Tchounzou R, Egbe EN, Ngowe MN (December 2018). "Uterine fibroids in pregnancy: prevalence, clinical presentation, associated factors and outcomes at the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals, Cameroon: a cross-sectional study". BMC Res Notes. 11 (1): 889. doi:10.1186/s13104-018-4007-0. PMC 6293543. PMID 30545402.
- ↑ Fuldeore MJ, Soliman AM (2017). "Patient-reported prevalence and symptomatic burden of uterine fibroids among women in the United States: findings from a cross-sectional survey analysis". Int J Womens Health. 9: 403–411. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S133212. PMC 5476627. PMID 28652819.
- ↑ Moore KR, Smith JS, Laughlin-Tommaso SK, Baird DD (January 2014). "Cervical neoplasia-related factors and decreased prevalence of uterine fibroids among a cohort of African American women". Fertil. Steril. 101 (1): 208–14. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.09.021. PMC 3880401. PMID 24268705.
- ↑ Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM (January 2003). "High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 188 (1): 100–7. PMID 12548202.
- ↑ Kjerulff KH, Langenberg P, Seidman JD, Stolley PD, Guzinski GM (July 1996). "Uterine leiomyomas. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis". J Reprod Med. 41 (7): 483–90. PMID 8829060.