Uveal melanoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma are cutaneous and iris nevi, host pigmentation factors, ultraviolet light exposure, caucasian race, and certain inherited skin disorders such as dysplastic nevus syndrome and ocular melanocytosis.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
- Age: The mean age for uveal melanoma is 55 years old and its incidence drops after 70 years of age.[1][2][1][3]
- Mael gender
- Race: Whites are more commonly affected by uveal melanoma than blacks.
- Genetic
- Ocular nevi[4]
- Melanocytosis
- Hormones: Pregnancy may increase the incidence of uveal melanoma.[5]
- Impaired immune system[6]
- light colored-irides[7]
- Sunlight exposure[8]
- Fluorescent lighting[9]
- Viruses (togavirus) (ref: PMID: 545833)
- Trauma[10]
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Uveal melanoma. National Cancer Institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 24 2015
- ↑ Egan, Kathleen M.; Seddon, Johanna M.; Glynn, Robert J.; Gragoudas, Evangelos S.; Albert, Daniel M. (1988). "Epidemiologic aspects of uveal melanoma". Survey of Ophthalmology. 32 (4): 239–251. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(88)90173-7. ISSN 0039-6257.
- ↑ van, J.G.M.; Koopmans, A.E.; Verdijk, R.M.; Naus, N.C.; de, A.; Kilic, E. (2013). "Diagnosis, Histopathologic and Genetic Classification of Uveal Melanoma". doi:10.5772/53631.
- ↑ Reese, Algernon B. (1944). "Pigment Freckles of the Iris (Benign Melanomas): Their Significance in Relation to Malignant Melanoma of the Uvea⋆". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 27 (3): 217–226. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(44)91382-6. ISSN 0002-9394.
- ↑ Siegel, Ralph (1963). "Malignant Ocular Melanoma During Pregnancy". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 185 (6): 542. doi:10.1001/jama.1963.03060060140028. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ↑ Fisher, M.; Kripke, M. (1982). "Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice". Science. 216 (4550): 1133–1134. doi:10.1126/science.6210958. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ "Risk Factors for Ocular Melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">3</xref>". JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1985. doi:10.1093/jnci/74.4.775. ISSN 1460-2105.
- ↑ Tucker, Margaret A.; Shields, Jerry A.; Hartge, Patricia; Augsburger, James; Hoover, Robert N.; Fraumeni, Joseph F. (1985). "Sunlight Exposure as Risk Factor for Intraocular Malignant Melanoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 313 (13): 789–792. doi:10.1056/NEJM198509263131305. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Beral, Valerie; Shaw, Helen; Evans, Susan; Milton, Gerald (1982). "MALIGNANT MELANOMA AND EXPOSURE TO FLUORESCENT LIGHTING AT WORK". The Lancet. 320 (8293): 290–293. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(82)90270-7. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Baba, F. E.; Blumenkranz, M. (1986). "Malignant Melanoma at the Site of Penetrating Ocular Trauma". Archives of Ophthalmology. 104 (3): 405–409. doi:10.1001/archopht.1986.01050150105038. ISSN 0003-9950.