Gestational diabetes historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Diabetes mellitus is an ancient term first found in the Egyptian Eberes papyrus around 1500 BC. Hyperglycemia in pregnancy was first described by Bennewitz, a German physician in 1824. In 1950, the term 'GDM' was accepted.
Historical Perspective
- Diabetes mellitus was first described in the Egyptian Eberes papyrus around 1500 BC.[1]
- Hyperglycemia in pregnancy was first described by Bennewitz, a German physician in 1824.[1]
- Before the discovery of insulin in 1922, infertility was well recognized in women with diabetes.
- In 1856, the presence of physiological glycosuria in pregnancy and lactation was first described.
- Brocard in 1898, demonstrated for the first time that pregnant women were less tolerant to sugar compared to non-pregnant women; he found the presence of glycosuria 2 hours after the ingestion of 50 g of glucose in 50% of pregnant women compared to 11% found in non-pregnant women.
- Skipper in 1933, published a vast review of the literature on the use of insulin in pregnancy and found a dramatic improvement in maternal mortality, and a modest impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes and survival.
- In the 1950s, many risk factors for the development of abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy were defined and the term gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) became accepted.[2][3][4]
- John B. O’Sullivan, Wilkerson and Remein in 1957, proposed offering a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for patients presenting with risk factors for diabetes such as a family history of diabetes, gestational glycosuria and overdeveloped infants at birth.[3]
- For women without known risk factors, they proposed determining a 1-hour blood glucose value after the ingestion of a 50 g glucose load. A value of 130 mg or more was considered abnormal and a 3-hour OGTT should be performed afterwards.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Negrato CA, Gomes MB (2013). "Historical facts of screening and diagnosing diabetes in pregnancy". Diabetol Metab Syndr. 5 (1): 22. doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-22. PMC 3644500. PMID 23634949.
- ↑ MOSS JM, MULHOLLAND HB (1951). "Diabetes and pregnancy: with special reference to the prediabetic state". Ann. Intern. Med. 34 (3): 678–91. PMID 14811291.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 WILKERSON HL, REMEIN QR (1957). "Studies of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy; the significance of impaired glucose tolerance". Diabetes. 6 (4): 324–9. PMID 13447761.
- ↑ CARRINGTON ER, SHUMAN CR, REARDON HS (1957). "Evaluation of the prediabetic state during pregnancy". Obstet Gynecol. 9 (6): 664–9. PMID 13431126.