Peripheral arterial disease causes

Peripheral arterial disease Microchapters
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Causes
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Epidemiology and Demographics
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Case #1
AHA/ACC Guidelines on Management of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Clinical Assessment of Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Diagnostic Testing for suspected PAD
Guidelines for Screening for Atherosclerotic Disease in Other Vascular Beds in patients with Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Medical Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Structured Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Minimizing Tissue Loss in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Revascularization of Claudication in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of CLI in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Management of Acute Limb Ischemial in Lower Extremity PAD
Guidelines for Longitudinal Follow-up for Lower Extremity PAD
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby

Overview

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is most commonly a manifestation of atherosclerosis resulting from vascular inflammation. Other uncommon causes should be suspected when the PAD occurs at a young age and in the context of a positive history. Uncommon causes include degenerative diseases (Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome), dysplastic disorders (fibromuscular dysplasia), inflammatory diseases (arteritis) and hypercoagulable states.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Arterial dissection
• Atheroembolism
• Atherosclerosis
• Thromboangiitis obliterans
• Thromboembolism
• Thrombosed aneurysm

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arterial dissection, arteriomegaly, arteritis, atheroembolism, atherosclerosis, Buergers disease, cystic adventitial disease, Erdheim cystic medial necrosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, hypertension, Leriche's syndrome, multifocal fibrosclerosis, Sneddon syndrome, Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, thromboangiitis obliterans, thromboembolism, thrombosed aneurysm, vasculitis
Chemical / poisoning	Ergot use
Dermatologic	Sneddon syndrome, vasculitis
Drug Side Effect	Ergot use
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes
Environmental	Smoking
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, Marfan's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Hematologic	Hypercoagulable state, thrombophilia, thrombosis
Iatrogenic	Radiation arteritis, radiation fibrosis, surgery, thrombosis
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Neurofibromatosis, Sneddon syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hyperlipidemia, homocysteinemia, lipoproteinemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cancer, tumor
Opthalmologic	Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Buergers disease, retroperitoneal fibrosis, Sneddon syndrome, thromboangiitis obliterans, vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Iliac endofibrosis (athletic injury), limb trauma, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Urologic	Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Obesity

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Arterial dissection
• Arteriomegaly
• Arteritis
• Atheroembolism
• Atherosclerosis
• Buergers disease
• Cancer
• Cystic adventitial disease
• Deafness peripheral neuropathy and arterial disease
• Diabetes
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Erdheim cystic medial necrosis
• Ergot use
• Fibromuscular dysplasia
• Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
• Homocysteinemia
• Hypercoagulable state
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• Iliac endofibrosis (athletic injury)
• Leriche's syndrome
• Limb trauma
• Lipoproteinemia
• Marfan's syndrome
• Multifocal fibrosclerosis
• Neurofibromatosis
• Obesity
• Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Radiation arteritis
• Radiation fibrosis
• Retroperitoneal fibrosis
• Sneddon syndrome
• Surgery
• Takayasu's arteritis
• Temporal arteritis
• Thromboangiitis obliterans
• Thromboembolism
• Thrombophilia
• Thrombosis
• Tumor
• Thrombosed aneurysm
• Vasculitis

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References

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