Epistaxis risk factors

	Epistaxis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Epistaxis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT Scan
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Epistaxis risk factors On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epistaxis risk factors All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Epistaxis risk factors
CDC on Epistaxis risk factors
Epistaxis risk factors in the news
Blogs on Epistaxis risk factors
Directions to Hospitals Treating Epistaxis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Epistaxis risk factors

Editor in Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [[1]], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amir Behzad Bagheri, M.D. José Eduardo Riceto Loyola Junior, M.D.[1]

Overview

The most common risk factor of epistaxis in trauma. Other risk factors include coagulopathies, infections and vascular abnormalities. It can occur spontaneously. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors.

Trauma is the most common risk factor of epistaxis. Childhood and senility are unchangeable risk factors. Other risk factors are:^[1]
Vascular abnormalities^[2] ^[3]
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
- Congestive hearth failure
- Granulomatosis with polyangitis
Infections
Coagulopathies:
- Anticoagulants
- Antiplatelet
- von Willebrand disease
- Leukemia
- Other medications causing coagulopathy

Hypertension may be associated with epistaxis. A study has shown that incidence rates for epistaxis were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients and they required posterior nasal packing more often than control (1.9% vs. 0.4%).^[4]

↑ Tunkel, David E.; Anne, Samantha; Payne, Spencer C.; Ishman, Stacey L.; Rosenfeld, Richard M.; Abramson, Peter J.; Alikhaani, Jacqueline D.; Benoit, Margo McKenna; Bercovitz, Rachel S.; Brown, Michael D.; Chernobilsky, Boris; Feldstein, David A.; Hackell, Jesse M.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Holdsworth, Sarah M.; Lin, Kenneth W.; Lind, Meredith Merz; Poetker, David M.; Riley, Charles A.; Schneider, John S.; Seidman, Michael D.; Vadlamudi, Venu; Valdez, Tulio A.; Nnacheta, Lorraine C.; Monjur, Taskin M. (2020). "Clinical Practice Guideline: Nosebleed (Epistaxis)". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 162 (1_suppl): S1–S38. doi:10.1177/0194599819890327. ISSN 0194-5998.
↑ Krulewitz, Neil Alexander; Fix, Megan Leigh (2019). "Epistaxis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 37 (1): 29–39. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.005. ISSN 0733-8627.
↑ Douglas, Richard; Wormald, Peter-John (2007). "Update on epistaxis". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 15 (3): 180–183. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32814b06ed. ISSN 1068-9508.
↑ Byun H, Chung JH, Lee SH, Ryu J, Kim C, Shin JH (2020). "Association of Hypertension With the Risk and Severity of Epistaxis". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2020.2906. PMC 7489409 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 32910190 Check |pmid= value (help).