Polycythemia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Debduti Mukhopadhyay, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Divided into primary and secondary causes based on underlying genetic mutations and other factors(refer to classification).
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of polycythemia may include:
- Primary erythrocytosis
- Secondary erythrocytosis
Congenital
- Erythropoietin receptor-mediated
- High oxygen affinity hemoglobin
- Bisphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency
- VHL(Von Hippel-Lindau) gene mutation (Chuvash erythrocytosis)
- PHD2 mutations
- HIF-2 alpha mutations
Acquired
- Hypoxia driven
- Central hypoxic process:
- Chronic Lung disease
- Right-to-left cardiopulmonary vascular shunts
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Smoker's erythrocytosis
- Hypoventilation syndromes including sleep apnea (high-altitude habitat)
- Central hypoxic process:
- Local renal hypoxia:
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- End-Stage Renal Disease
- Hydronephrosis
- Renal cysts (polycystic kidney disease)
- Postrenal transplant erythrocytosis
Pathologic EPO production:
- Tumors
- Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
- Meningioma
- Parathyroid carcinoma/adenomas
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Renal cell cancer
- Pheochromocytoma
- Uterine leiomyomas
Exogenous EPO:
- Drug associated
- EPO administration
- Androgen administration
- Idiopathic erythrocytosis [1] [2]
References
- ↑ McMULLIN, M. F. (2008). "The classification and diagnosis of erythrocytosis". International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. doi:10.1111/j.1751-553X.2008.01102.x. ISSN 1751-5521.
- ↑ Adamson JW, Fialkow PJ, Murphy S, Prchal JF, Steinmann L (October 1976). "Polycythemia vera: stem-cell and probable clonal origin of the disease". N Engl J Med. 295 (17): 913–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM197610212951702. PMID 967201.