Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of ventricular tacchycardia in the US, followed by cardiomyopathy. VT causes approximately of half of the 300,000 sudden deaths which occur out of hospital annually in the US. Brugada syndrome is thought to be the cause of half of the sudden cardiac deaths which occurs in young individuals without structural heart disease.
Epidemiology
- Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of 150,000 to 300,000 out of hospital sudden deaths that occur annually in the US.[1]
- The most common cause of wide complex tachycardia (WCT) is ventricular tachycardia (VT), which accounts for 80% of all cases of WCT.[2]
- Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy accounts for 15,000 to 20,000 in every 100,000 of WCTs.
- SVTs with bystander preexcitation and antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) account for 1000 to 6000 in every 100,000 of WCTs.[3]
- However, the underlying substrate varies: ischemic heart disease in 75,000-85,000 in every 100,000 cases; idiopathic cardiomyopathy in 1000-1500; and 1000-2000 in every 100,000 due to rare monogenic mutations in cardiac ion channels or associated proteins.[4]
- Brugada Syndrome may account for up to 50% of all SCDs in young individuals without structural heart disease. [4]
Demographics
Age
- VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease.[5]
- Tachydysrhythmias in children are more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs).
- The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age.
- VT rates peak in the middle decades of life.
- Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age.
- Men are more commonly affected by ventricular tachycardia than female, because ischemic heart disease is more prevalent in men.[6]
- Females with acquired or congenital long QT syndromes are at greater risk for sudden death.
References
- ↑ Stevenson WG (2009). "Ventricular scars and ventricular tachycardia". Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 120: 403–12. PMC 2744510. PMID 19768192.
- ↑ Gupta AK, Thakur RK (2001). "Wide QRS complex tachycardias". Med Clin North Am. 85 (2): 245–66, ix–x. PMID 11233948.
- ↑ Issa Z, Miller JM, Zipes DP(2009). Approach to Wide QRS Complex Tachycardias. Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's heart disease (1st ed., pp. 393). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zipes DP, Jalife J(2009). Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside (5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ Garson A, Gillette PC, McNamara DG (June 1981). "Supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up in 217 patients". J. Pediatr. 98 (6): 875–82. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80578-1. PMID 7229788.
- ↑ Gordon, Tavia (1971). "Premature Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease". JAMA. 215 (10): 1617. doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03180230027005. ISSN 0098-7484.