Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
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Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The tumor incidence has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9.
- The Incidence of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is about 1 in 125,000-250,000 people each year, in children younger than 10 years, despite the fact that it is a rare disorder.
Prevalence
- There is no data on the prevalence of retinoblastoma.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of retinoblastoma differs according to the stage of the disease as well as the geographic region.[1]
- In extraocular form of this disorder is reported to be greater than 50%.[2]
- However, tumors involving the optic disc superficially, are associated with 10% mortality rate.[3]
Age
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.[4]
- The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[5]
- Cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.[6][7]
- In adults, retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.[8]
- Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic tumor, which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months.
Gender
Race
Region
- Epidemiological data indicates that retinoblastoma has a higher incidence in some geographic areas.[9]
- The table below provides the highest worldwide incidence rate of retinoblastoma in children aged 0 - 4:
References
- ↑ Dimaras, Helen; Kimani, Kahaki; Dimba, Elizabeth AO; Gronsdahl, Peggy; White, Abby; Chan, Helen SL; Gallie, Brenda L (2012). "Retinoblastoma". The Lancet. 379 (9824): 1436–1446. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61137-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Kim, J W; Kathpalia, V; Dunkel, I J; Wong, R K; Riedel, E; Abramson, D H (2008). "Orbital recurrence of retinoblastoma following enucleation". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 93 (4): 463–467. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138453. ISSN 0007-1161.
- ↑ Chévez-Barrios, Patricia; Eagle, Ralph C.; Marback, Eduardo F. (2015). "Histopathologic Features and Prognostic Factors": 167–183. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43451-2_16.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA (December 2015). "NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS". Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 35 (12): 2483–8. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612. PMID 26035399.
- ↑ Singh, Arun (2007). Clinical ophthalmic oncology. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-3167-3.