Adrenal atrophy causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Hadipour, M.D.[2]

Overview

Adrenal atrophy may be caused by a loss of ACTH and trophic support of the adrenal cortex or direct damage to the tissue.

Causes

• Adrenal atrophy may be caused by prolonged glucocorticoid therapy or a functional adrenocortical neoplasm in the same or contralateral gland, which secondarily results in decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels.
• Atrophy can also result from more direct ACTH deficiency, such as abnormal pituitary function.
• Cortical atrophy can also be a direct effect of exogenous toxicants that interfere with normal adrenocortical steroidogenesis and/or the physiologic effects of the renin-angiotensin system on the adrenal.
• Because of the complex physiologic interactions of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and gonads with the adrenal gland, other exogenous toxicants and experimental manipulations that directly damage these tissues or modulate their secretory functions can result in secondary effects in the adrenal cortex, including atrophy.