Eczema natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.
Overview
Eczema has regarded as a medical condition with a natural history that occurs consistently. It is characterized as a disease with an early onset, mostly during the childhood period, and remits during the adolescence period. [1] If eczema is left untreated, it can lead to viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Psychological problems could also arise brought about by constant itching.
Eczema Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
- Eczema can lead to viral, bacterial and fungal infections.
- Psychological problems could also arise brought about by constant itching.
- Table 1 presents the associated comorbidities and complications of eczema.
| Complications | Description |
|---|---|
| Bacterial Infections | Staphylococcus aureus[2][3] and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus colonization. [4] [5] [6] |
| Viral Infections | Eczema herpeticum [7], herpes simplex virus [8], and Molluscum contagiosum [9]. |
| Fungal Infections | Tinea [8] |
| Psychological | Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and speech disorders. [10] [11] |
- Hand eczema has poor prognosis with accounted 44% manifestation of symptoms in a 15-year follow-up study. [12]
- In another study, complete healing was only observed among 19.3% of the patients after a 5-year follow-up. [13]
References
- ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.044 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.023. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005. doi: 10.2500/aap.2017.38.4005. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08905.x. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09679.x. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5. doi: 10.1007/s12016-016-8548-5. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700657. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ 8.0 8.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.3390/jcm4050884. doi: 10.3390/jcm4050884. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2016.06.004. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1111/bjd.14697. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14697. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.066. Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Meding B, Wrangsjö K, Järvholm B (2005). "Fifteen-year follow-up of hand eczema: persistence and consequences". Br J Dermatol. 152 (5): 975–80. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06494.x. PMID 15888155.
- ↑ Olesen CM, Agner T, Ebbehøj NE, Carøe TK (2019). "Factors influencing prognosis for occupational hand eczema: new trends". Br J Dermatol. 181 (6): 1280–1286. doi:10.1111/bjd.17870. PMID 30851194.