Non-Polio enterovirus infections epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
Non-polio enteroviruses are very common. They are second only to the "common cold" viruses, the rhinoviruses, as the most common viral infectious agents in humans. The enteroviruses cause an estimated 10-15 million or more symptomatic infections a year in the United States. However, all three types of polioviruses have been eliminated from the Western Hemisphere, as well as Western Pacific and European regions, by the widespread use of vaccines.
Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may be prone to non-polio enterovirus infections as they can become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes.
Epidemiology
Demographics[1]
Climate, socio-economic factors and homotypic immunity likely contribute to the geographic distribution of different types[2].
Enterovirus A
Sequences dominate in East (71%) and South-east Asia (73.4%), with the most common EV-A71, EV-A6, EV-A16, EV-A10 occurring in that order. Very low levels are detected in Africa, North America and Western Asia.
Enterovirus B
Most common in Western Asia(81.4%), Europe(63.1%), Africa(63%), South America(61.3%), Southern Asia(61%), Oceania (55.1%).
Enterovirus C
- A significant proportion exists in Africa(22.1%) and South America (21.2%); rarer in rest of the world
- CV-A 24 is the most commonly sequenced EV-C type, with higher proportion in South America
Enterovirus D
- Relatively rare worldwide; represent 76.7% of sequences in North America.
References
- ↑ Brown DM, Zhang Y, Scheuermann RH (2020). "Epidemiology and Sequence-Based Evolutionary Analysis of Circulating Non-Polio Enteroviruses". Microorganisms. 8 (12). doi:10.3390/microorganisms8121856. PMC 7759938 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33255654 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Bo YC, Song C, Wang JF, Li XW (2014). "Using an autologistic regression model to identify spatial risk factors and spatial risk patterns of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Mainland China". BMC Public Health. 14: 358. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-358. PMC 4022446. PMID 24731248.