Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy overview
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Editors-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Martin S. Maron, M.D., and Barry J. Maron, M.D.
Overview
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any alternate cause such as hypertension, amyloid or aortic stenosis.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Although HCM has gained notoriety as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes, [7] it should be noted that HCM is a cause of sudden cardiac death in any age group and may be associated with cardiac morbidity and disabling cardiac symptoms as well.
Variants
A non-obstructive variant of HCM is known as apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [8], which is also known as nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Japanese variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or the Yamaguchi variant (since the first cases described were all in individuals of Japanese descent).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause.[9][2][10][11][12][13] It is perhaps most well known as a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.[14] The occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of sudden unexpected cardiac death in any age group and as a cause of disabling cardiac symptoms. Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
References
- ↑ Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, Maisch B, Mautner B, O'Connell J, Olsen E, Thiene G, Goodwin J, Gyarfas I, Martin I, Nordet P. Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 1996 Mar 1; 93(5):841–2. (Medline abstract; Full text)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maron B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. JAMA 2002. 287:1308–20
- ↑ Sherrid M, Chaudhry FA, Swistel DG. Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2003; 75:620–32
- ↑ Wigle D, Sasson Z, Henderson MA, Ruddy TD, Fulop J, Rakowski H, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 1985; 28:1–83
- ↑ Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation 1995; 92:1680–92
- ↑ Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, Kappenberger LJ, Kuhn HJ, Seidman CE, Shah PM, Spencer WH III, Spirito P, Ten Cate FJ, Wigle ED. American College of Cardiology / European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42:1687–713
- ↑ Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC, McGrew CA, Strong WB, Douglas PS, Clark LT, Mitten MJ, Crawford MH, Atkins DL, Driscoll DJ, Epstein AE. Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association. Circulation. 1996 Aug 15; 94(4):850-6. (Medline abstract; Full text)
- ↑ Rivera-Diaz J, Moosvi AR. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. South Med J. 1996 Jul; 89(7):711-3. (Medline abstract; Full text)
- ↑ Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M; et al. (1996). "Report of the 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies". Circulation. 93 (5): 841–2. PMID 8598070. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Sherrid MV, Chaudhry FA, Swistel DG (2003). "Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: echocardiography, pathophysiology, and the continuing evolution of surgery for obstruction". Ann Thorac Surg. 75 (2): 620–32. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(02)04546-0. PMID 12607696. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wigle ED, Sasson Z, Henderson MA; et al. (1985). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The importance of the site and the extent of hypertrophy. A review". Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 28 (1): 1–83. doi:10.1016/0033-0620(85)90024-6. PMID 3160067.
- ↑ Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG (1995). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical spectrum and treatment". Circulation. 92 (7): 1680–92. PMID 7671349. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK; et al. (2003). "[[American College of Cardiology]]/[[European Society of Cardiology]] clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines". J Am Coll Cardiol. 42 (9): 1687–713. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00941-0. PMID 14607462. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help) - ↑ Maron BJ, Thompson PD, Puffer JC; et al. (1996). "Cardiovascular preparticipation screening of competitive athletes. A statement for health professionals from the Sudden Death Committee (clinical cardiology) and Congenital Cardiac Defects Committee (cardiovascular disease in the young), American Heart Association". Circulation. 94 (4): 850–6. PMID 8772711. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)