Guillain-Barré syndrome MRI

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is usually diagnosed clinically. Lab tests are done to exclude other diagnosis and assess prognosis. The lab tests ordered are basic labs (CBC, ESR), lumbar puncture (GBS has characteristic albuminocytological dissociation), serological markers

MRI

• The MRI findings in GBS are non-specific
• It is used as an adjunct to clinical presentation and laboratory tests
• Inflammatory conditions present as nerve root enhancement on MRI. This is due to the loss of blood brain barrier that accompanies an inflammatory condition.
• Features on MRI suggestive of GBS are:
  • Selective anterior nerve root enhancement
  • Nerve root enhancement of the cauda equina nerve roots are also common