Papilledema
Papilledema |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Papilledema On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Papilledema |
Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, MBBS
Synonyms and Keywords: papilloedema
Overview
Pathophysiology
Causes
Common Causes, Causes by Organ System, Causes in Alphabetical Order
Differentiation of Papilledema from other Disorders
Epidemiology and Demographics
Diagnosis
Checking the eyes for signs of papilledema should be carried out whenever there is a clinical suspicion of raised intracranial pressure. Because of the (rare) possibility of a brain tumor, pseudotumor cerebri or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, all of which can increase intracranial pressure, this examination has become common for patients suffering from headaches.
Physical Examination
Eyes
-
Papilledema.
-
Pseudopapilledema.
There are 10 hallmarks of papilledema:
- Blurring of the disc margins
- Filling in of the optic disc cup
- Anterior bulging of the nerve head
- Edema of the nerve fiber layer
- Retinal or choroidal folds
- Congestion of retinal veins
- Peripapillary hemorrhages
- Hyperemia of the optic nerve head
- Nerve fiber layer infarcts
- Hard exudates of the optic disc