Methemoglobinemia historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
It has been reported (Heard & Ashworth 1968 apud Basrani et al. 2007) that, when placed in an aqueous solution, Chlorhexidine Gluconate(antiseptic) slowly hydrolyzes and forms para-chloroaniline (4-Chloroaniline, p-Chloroaniline or PCA) (24). Para-chloroaniline (PCA) has been shown to be toxic (28, 29). As an aromatic amine, the primary toxic effect is methemogloblin formation (28). Toxicological studies in rats and mice have shown that the hemopoietc system is the major target for PCA (28). In 1990, Chhabra et al (28) conducted a 90-day study (with p-chloroaniline) and found that methaemoglobin formation and accompanying haemolytic anaemia, extra-medullary haematopoiesis, and splenomegaly were indicative of erythrocyte toxicity and regenerative anemia.