Diffuse panbronchiolitis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Symptoms
DPB can be characterized by a number of symptoms and histological features (those detected by analysis of tissues).
These include: chronic bronchial and bronchiolar inflammation, lung tissue lesions, proliferation of lymphocytes (white blood cells that fight infection), neutrophil granulocytes (white blood cells involved with inflammation) and foamy histiocytes (tissue macrophages) in the lung lumen;[1] [2] detectable haemophilus influenzae (an opportunistic bacterium),[1] pseudomonas aeruginosa (another opportunistic bacterium) and pus in the sputum (coughed-up phlegm);[3][2] chronic sinusitis (inflamed paranasal sinuses),[4][5] hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood),[6] nodules within terminal and respiratory bronchioles in both lungs,[7][8] dyspnea (shortness of breath),[9][5] elevated IgG and IgA (classes of immunoglobulins),[10] occurrences of elevated rheumatoid factor (an indicator of autoimmunity),[10] and hemagglutination (clumping of antibodies in the blood).[10][11]
If left untreated, as DPB progresses, signs of bronchiectasis begin to present themselves. These symptoms include chronic shortness of breath, severe cough, pooling of sputum, thickening of bronchiolar walls, hypoxemia, and dilation (enlargement) of the bronchiolar passages.[3][5] This eventually becomes life-threatening, leading to respiratory failure.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Poletti V, Casoni G, Chilosi M, Zompatori M (2006). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis". Eur Respir J. 28 (4): 862–871. PMID 17012632.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Yanagihara K, Kadoto J, Kohno S (2001). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis--pathophysiology and treatment mechanisms". Int J Antimicrob Agents. 18 (Suppl. 1): S83–87. PMID 11574201.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2
- ↑
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2
- ↑ Chu YC, Yeh SZ, Chen CL, Chen CY, Chang CY, Chiang CD (1992). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis: report of a case". J Formos Med Assoc. 91 (9): 912–915. PMID 1363394.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Chen Y, Kang J, Li S (2005). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis in China". Respirology. 10 (1): 70–75. PMID 15691241.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Tsang KW, Ooi CG, Ip MS, Lam WK, Ngan H, Chan EY, Hawkins B, Ho CS, Amitani R, Tanaka E, Inoh H (1998). "Clinical profiles of Chinese patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis". Thorax. 53 (4): 274–280. PMID 9741370.
- ↑ Schulte W, Szrepka A, Bauer PC, Guzman J, Costabel U (1999). "Diffuse panbronchiolitis. A differential diagnosis of chronic obstructive lung disease". Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 124 (19): 584–588. PMID 10365176.