Ebola primary prevention

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

If transmission of ebola occurs, steps need to be taken to prevent further infection as well as transmission to other people. It is important to be able to prevent subsequent transmission of ebola. Transmission of ebola can be prevented by isolation of patient, wearing a HEPA or other biosafety mask and by limiting the movement of the patient from the room to other areas.

Primary Prevention

Airborne transmission

1. Place the patient in an isolation room that is not air-conditioned or where air is not circulated to the rest of the health facility. Make sure the room has a door that can be closed.
2. Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient and in the patient's room.
3. Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. Place a surgical mask on the patient who must be moved.

Droplet transmission

1. Place the patient in an isolation room.
2. Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient.
3. Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. If patient must be moved, place a surgical mask on the patient.

Contact transmission

1. Place the patient in an isolation room and limit access.
2. Wear gloves during contact with patient and with infectious body fluids or contaminated items. Reinforce handwashing throughout the health facility.
3. Wear two layers of protective clothing.
4. Limit movement of the patient from the isolation room to other areas.
5. Avoid sharing equipment between patients. Designate equipment for each patient, if supplies allow. If sharing equipment is unavoidable, clean and disinfect it before use with the next patient.

Vaccination

Vaccines have been produced for both Ebola and Marburg that were 99% effective in protecting a group of monkeys from the disease. These vaccines are based on either a recombinant Vesicular stomatitis virus or a recombinant Adenovirus carrying the Ebola spikeprotein on its surface. Early human vaccine efforts, like the one at NIAID in 2003, have so far not reported any successes. The biggest problem with the vaccine is that unless the patient is given it near the onset of the virus (1-4 days after the symptoms begin) then there will be too much damage to the human body to repair, ie: ruptured arteries and capillaries, vomiting, and other symptoms which may still cause enough harm to kill or seriously traumatize the patient.