HIV associated nephropathy overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) is a type of collapsing FSGS. Serious renal complication of advanced HIV infection and AIDS leading to chronic and eventually end stage renal failure(ESRF). HIVAN is caused by direct infection of the renal cells with the HIV-1 virus and leads to renal damage through the viral gene products. It could also be caused by changes in the release of cytokines during HIV infection.

Usually occurs only in advanced disease and approximately 80% of patients with HIVAN have a CD4 count of less than 200. HIVAN presents with nephrotic syndrome and progressive renal failure. Despite being a cause of chronic renal failure kidney sizes are usually normal or large.