Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of ventricular tacchycardia in the US, followed by cardiomyopathy. VT is causes approximately of half of the 300,000 sudden deaths which occur out of hospital annually in the US. Brugada syndrome is thought to be the cause of half of the sudden cardiac deaths which occurs in young individuals without structural heart disease.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of 150,000 to 300,000 out of hospital sudden deaths that occur annually in the US.[1]
- The most common cause of wide complex tachycardia(WCT) is ventricular tachycardia (VT), which accounts for 80% of all cases of WCT.[2]Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy accounts for 15% to 20% of WCTs. SVTs with bystander preexcitation and antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) account for 1% to 6% of WCTs.[3]
- However, the underlying substrate varies: ischemic heart disease in 75–80% cases; idiopathic cardiomyopathy in 10–15%; and 1–2% due to rare monogenic mutations in cardiac ion channels or associated proteins.[4]
- Brugada Syndrome may account for up to 50% of all SCDs in young individuals without structural heart disease. [4]
- The prevalence of nonsustained VT detected by 24-hour ambulatory ECGs was 4% in 98 elderly, disease-free individuals in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging,[5] 4% in 106 active elderly people,[6] 2% in 50 elderly people without cardiovascular disease,[7] 4% in 729 elderly women and 13% in 643 elderly men in the Cardiovascular Health Study,[8] 3% in 135 elderly men and 2% in 297 elderly women without cardiovascular disease,[9] 9% in 385 elderly men and 8% in 806 elderly women with hypertension, valvular disease, or cardiomyopathy,[9] 6% in 395 elderly men and 15% in 771 elderly women with coronary artery disease (CAD),[9] and 5% in a well population of 80 year olds in the Bronx Longitudinal Aging Study.[10]
- The prevalence of complex ventricular arrhythmia in elderly people in these studies was 50%,[5] 31%,[6] 20%,[7] 16% in women and 28% in men,[8] 31% in men and 30% in women without cardiovascular disease,[9] 54% in men and 55% in women with hypertension, valvular disease, or cardiomyopathy,[9] and 69% in men and 68% in women with CAD.[9]
References
- ↑ Stevenson WG (2009). "Ventricular scars and ventricular tachycardia". Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 120: 403–12. PMC 2744510. PMID 19768192.
- ↑ Gupta AK, Thakur RK (2001). "Wide QRS complex tachycardias". Med Clin North Am. 85 (2): 245–66, ix–x. PMID 11233948.
- ↑ Issa Z, Miller JM, Zipes DP(2009). Approach to Wide QRS Complex Tachycardias. Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's heart disease (1st ed., pp. 393). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zipes DP, Jalife J(2009). Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside (5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fleg JL, Kennedy HL (1982). "Cardiac arrhythmias in a healthy elderly population: detection by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography". Chest. 81 (3): 302–7. PMID 7056104.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Camm AJ, Evans KE, Ward DE, Martin A (1980). "The rhythm of the heart in active elderly subjects". Am Heart J. 99 (5): 598–603. PMID 7369099.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kantelip JP, Sage E, Duchene-Marullaz P (1986). "Findings on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in subjects older than 80 years". Am J Cardiol. 57 (6): 398–401. PMID 3946253.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Manolio TA, Furberg CD, Rautaharju PM, Siscovick D, Newman AB, Borhani NO; et al. (1994). "Cardiac arrhythmias on 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography in older women and men: the Cardiovascular Health Study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 23 (4): 916–25. PMID 8106697.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Aronow WS, Ahn C, Mercando AD, Epstein S, Kronzon I (2002). "Prevalence and association of ventricular tachycardia and complex ventricular arrhythmias with new coronary events in older men and women with and without cardiovascular disease". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 57 (3): M178–80. PMID 11867655.
- ↑ Frishman WH, Sokol S, Aronson MK, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Katzman R (1998). "Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and dementia in the elderly". Curr Probl Cardiol. 23 (1): 1–62. PMID 9494777.