Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| Gross pathology of a lung showing centrilobular-type emphysema characteristic of smoking. This close-up of the fixed, cut lung surface shows multiple cavities lined by heavy black carbon deposits. |
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Microchapters |
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Differentiating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Philip Marcus, M.D., M.P.H. [3]; Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [4]
Synonyms and keywords: COAD; COPD; chronic obstructive airways disease; chronic obstructive lung disease; chronic airflow limitation; chronic obstructive respiratory disease
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Chronic Bronchitis | Emphysema
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from other Disorders
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Future or Investigational Therapies