Coronary angiography
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: coronary arteriography, cardiac arteriography, cardiac angiogram, coronary angio, coronary artery angio, coronary cath, cardiac cath
General Principles
- Overview
- Historical perspective
- Contraindications
- Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization
- Complications
- Technique
- Film Quality
Coronary Anatomy and Projection Angles
Normal Coronary Anatomy
- Coronary arteries
- Left coronary artery | Left main coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Ramus intermedius
- Right coronary artery
- Coronary artery dominance
Coronary Anatomic Variants
Projection Angles
Assessment of Perfusion
How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow
- TIMI flow grade (TFG): TIMI flow grade 0 | TIMI flow grade 1 | TIMI flow grade 2 | TIMI flow grade 3
- TIMI frame count (TFC)
- Pulsatile flow
- Deceleration
How to Assess Myocardial Perfusion
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG): TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0.5 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3
Assessment of Lesion Morphology
Lesion Complexity
Thrombus Grades
- TIMI thrombus grade: TIMI thrombus grade 0 | TIMI thrombus grade 1 | TIMI thrombus grade 2 | TIMI thrombus grade 3 | TIMI thrombus grade 4 | TIMI thrombus grade 5 | TIMI thrombus grade 6
Lesion Morphology
- Quantitative angiography
- Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology
- Irregular lesion
- Disease extent
- Arterial foreshortening
- Infarct related artery (Culprit lesion)
- Restenosis
- Degenerated saphenous vein graft
- Collaterals
- Coronary artery ulceration
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery bifurcation
- Coronary artery trifurcation
Vein and Arterial Bypass Graft
Performing Diagnostic Catheterization
Risks stratification and benefits of PCI | Conscious Sedation | Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization | Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access | Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton | Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Radiation Safety
Therapeutic Catheterization
Therapeutic procedures | Advances in catheter based physical treatments
PCI in Specific Lesion Types
Classification of the Lesion | The Calcified Lesion | The Ostial Lesion | The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion | The Bifurcation Lesion | The Long Lesion | The Bridge Lesion | Vasospasm | The Chronic Total Occlusion | The Left Internal Mammary Artery | Multivessel Disease | Distal Anastomotic Lesions | Left Main Intervention | The Thrombotic Lesion
PCI Complications
Vessel Perforation | Dissection | Distal Embolization | No-reflow | Abrupt Closure | Restenosis | Late Acquired Stent Malapposition | Loss of Side Branch | Multiple Complications | Coronary stent thrombosis | Slow flow | Pulsatile flow | Flow deceleration | Ectasia | Intimal flap | Staining