Ebola classification
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Ebola classification On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Guillermo Rodriguez Nava, M.D. [2]; João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Ebola virus can be classified into 5 subtypes: Zaïre, Sudan, Reston, Tai (Ivory Coast) and Bundibugyo.
The table below summarizes the ebola virus strains identified until now:
| Ebola Virus Strain | Place of Discovery | Date Identified |
|---|---|---|
| Sudan ebolavirus | Nzara and Maridi, Sudan | Between June and November 1976 |
| Zaire ebolavirus | Yambuku, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Between August and November 1976 |
| Reston ebolavirus | Reston, Virginia, US. | November 1989 |
| Ivory Coast ebolavirus | Tai Forest, Ivory Coast. | November 1994 |
| Bundibugyo ebolavirus | Bundibugyo District, Uganda | November 2007 |
Classification by Suspected vs Confirmed Case
The standard case definition recommended by the WHO-AFRO for the notification of Ebola or Marburg cases is as follows:[1]
===Suspected Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance===
- Disease that presents with onset of fever, no response to empiric therapy of fever for that region, and at least one of the following signs:
Confirmed Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance
A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, positive PCR or viral isolation)
Classification by Virus Type
Zaïre Ebolavirus
- Among the five strains, Zaïre Ebolavirus carries the highest mortality rate.
- A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is considered member of the species Zaire ebolavirus if:[2]
- It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, or the Republic of the Congo.
- It has a genome with two or three gene overlaps (VP35/VP40, GP/VP30, VP24/L).
- It has a genomic sequence that differs from the type virus by less than 30%.
Sudan Ebolavirus
- A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is considered member of the species Sudan ebolavirus if:[2]
Reston Ebolavirus
- A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is considered member of the species Reston ebolavirus if:[2]
- If its genome diverges from that of the prototype Reston virus, the Reston virus variant Pennsylvania, by ≤10% at the nucleotide level.
Tai (Ivory Coast) Ebolavirus
- A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is considered member of the species Tai Forest ebolavirus if:[2]
Bundibugyo Ebolavirus
- A virus of the genus Ebolavirus is considered member of the species Bundibugyo ebolavirus if:[2]
- It is endemic in Uganda.
- It has a genome with three gene overlaps (VP35/VP40, GP/VP30, VP24/L).
- It has a genomic sequence different from Ebola virus by ≥30%, but different from that of Bundibugyo virus by <30%.
References
- ↑ "Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg Virus Diseases" (PDF).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Kuhn, Jens H.; Becker, Stephan; Ebihara, Hideki; Geisbert, Thomas W.; Johnson, Karl M.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Lipkin, W. Ian; Negredo, Ana I.; Netesov, Sergey V.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Palacios, Gustavo; Peters, Clarence J.; Tenorio, Antonio; Volchkov, Viktor E.; Jahrling, Peter B. (2010). "Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations". Archives of Virology. 155 (12): 2083–2103. doi:10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x. ISSN 0304-8608.