Shigellosis physical examination
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Overview
Patients with shigellosis commonly appear lethargic. Physical examination of patients with shigellosis is usually remarkable for diffuse abdominal tenderness in more than 70% of cases and fever in approximately 30 to 40% of cases. Rarely, physical examination is remarkable for signs of dehydration, such as hypotension, tachycardia, and dry mucous membranes.
Shigellosis Physical Examination
General Appearance
- Lethargic
- Toxic-appearing
Vital Signs
Vital signs are generally within normal limit, but patients with severe disease and dehydration may have the following vital signs derangements:
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Hypotension
Skin
- Poor skin turgor
HEENT
- Conjunctival pallor
- Dry mucous membranes
Abdomen
- Diffuse abdominal tenderness on light palpation. Abdominal tenderness may be more prominent in lower abdominal quadrants due to involvement of distal sigmoid colon and rectum.
Vascular
- Flat jugular vein
- Prolonged capillary refill time