Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of C. difficile infection is estimated to be 20 per 100,000 person-years and approximately 1,500 per 100,000 hospital discharges.[1]
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop C. difficile infection.
- Elderly patients > 65 years may have up to eight-fold increased risk of developing C. difficile infection compared with younger patients.[1]
Gender
There is a slight female predisposition to the development of C. difficile infection with a female to male ratio of 1.26.[1]
Race
White individuals are more predisposed to the development of C. difficile infection.[1]
Developed Countries
- The estimated number of incident C. difficile infection in USA is estimated to be approximately range between approximately 397,000 and 508,500.[1]
- In USA, the majority (65%) of cases are associated with healthcare settings, and 25% of cases are associated with previous hospitalizations.[1]
- In USA, the NAP1 C. difficile strain is more common in healthcare settings than in community settings.
- In 2011, approximately 29,000 deaths have been attributed to C. difficile infection in USA.[1]
- Several C. difficile outbreaks have been reported in Canada, USA, and Europe.
Developing Countries
- Although C. difficile is abundantly reported in Europe and the United States, the infection is a global burden.
- The burden of C. difficile in developing countries is difficult to estimate due to scarcity of available data.