Clostridium difficile infection risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Common Risk Factors
The most important risk factor is antibiotic use. Although C. difficile infection has been described with almost all antibiotics, the following antibiotics are classically and most commonly associated with development of C. difficile infection:
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Cephalosporins
- Clindamycin
- Fluoroquinolones
Risk Factors by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin, Aztreonam, Cefotaxime sodium, Cefprozil, Cefotetan disodium, Cefuroxime, Doripenem, Lincomycin Hydrochloride, Meropenem, Mupirocin, Quinupristin dalfopristin, Rifabutin, Nitrofurantoin, Oritavancin, Pantoprazole, Piperacillin, Streptomycin, tedizolid, Tigecycline |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |