Enterobacter sakazakii
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| Enterobacter sakazakii (Farmer et al. 1980)[1] |
Enterobacter sakazakii is a Gram-negative rod-shaped pathogenic bacterium of the genus Enterobacter. It is a rare cause of invasive infection with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%) in infants.[2][3][4]
It can cause bacteraemia, meningitis and necrotising enterocolitis. E. sakazakii infection has been associated with the use of infant formula.[4][2]
Taxonomy
E. sakazakii was defined as a new species in 1980 by Farmer et al. 1980. DNA-DNA hybridization showed that E. sakazakii was 53–54% related to species in two different genera, Enterobacter and Citrobacter. However diverse biogroups were described and Farmer et al. suggested that these may represent different species [1].
In 2007, a group of researchers clarified the taxonomic relationship E. sakazakii strains using f-AFLP, automated ribotyping, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization. This resulted in the proposal of an alternative classification of of E. sakazakii as a new genus, Cronobacter, comprising five species [5][6]
Gallery
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![Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar culture plate that had been inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/images/1/19/Enterobacteria61.jpeg)
Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar culture plate that had been inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]
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![SBA inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/images/3/36/Enterobacteria60.jpeg)
SBA inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]
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![Plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii performed during an antibiogram study. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/images/4/4a/Enterobacteria59.jpeg)
Plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii performed during an antibiogram study. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]
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![Trypticase soy agar plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii showing wrinkled colonies 72hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/images/e/ee/Enterobacteria58.jpeg)
Trypticase soy agar plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii showing wrinkled colonies 72hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]
![Xylose-lysine-deoxycholate (XLD) agar culture plate that had been inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/index.php/File:Enterobacteria61.jpeg)
![SBA inoculated with Enterobacter sakazakii 24hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/index.php/File:Enterobacteria60.jpeg)
![Plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii performed during an antibiogram study. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/index.php/File:Enterobacteria59.jpeg)
![Trypticase soy agar plate culture of Enterobacter sakazakii showing wrinkled colonies 72hrs. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). [7]](/index.php/File:Enterobacteria58.jpeg)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA) (1980). "Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 30: 569–84.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 51 (14): 297–300. 2002. PMID 12002167. Free full text
- ↑ Lai KK (2001). "Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature". Medicine (Baltimore). 80 (2): 113–22. PMID 11307587.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bowen AB, Braden CR (2006). "Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants". Emerging Infect Dis. 12 (8): 1185–9. PMID 16965695.
- ↑ Iversen C, Lehner A, Mullane N; et al. (2007). "The taxonomy of Enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus Cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., Cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., Cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., Cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., Cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and Cronobacter genomospecies 1". BMC Evol Biol. 7: 64. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-64. PMID 17439656. Free full text
- ↑ Iversen C, Mullane N, Barbara McCardell; et al. (2008). "Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov". IJSEM.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".