Glioblastoma multiforme pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Genetics
- Development of glioblastoma is the result from multiple genetic mutations.
- Genes involved in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma include:[1]
| Types of glioblastoma | Genes |
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Associated Conditions
Glioblastoma may be associated with:[1]
- Neurofibromatosis type 1
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Turcot syndrome
- Ollier disease
- Maffucci syndrome
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, the characteristic findings of glioblastomas include:[1][2]
- Supratentorial white matter is the most common location
- Poorly-marginated, diffusely infiltrating mass with central necrotic core
- Ill-defined borders
- Firm or gelatinous in consistency
- Variable appearance (firm and white, to soft and yellow, to cystic with hemorrhage)
- Midline shift due to tumor mass
- Bihemispheric "butterfly glioma" in the corpus callosum
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, the characteristic findings of glioblastomas include:[1][2]
- Pleomorphic astrocytes with marked atypia and mitosis
- Necrosis and microvascular proliferation
- (+/-) Pseudopalisading necrosis
- Tumor cells lined-up like a picket fence around necrotic areas
According to WHO classification of brain tumors, glioblastoma is termed as grade IV tumor.
Markers
Glioblastoma is demonstrated by positivity to tumor marker such as GFAP.[1]
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Glioblastoma (histology slide)
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pathology of glioblastoma multiforme. Dr Dylan Kurda and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastoma
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Pathology of glioblastoma multiforme. Libre Pathology. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Glioblastoma