Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
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Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.
Staging
The staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is based on the TNM staging system.
TNM staging
Primary tumor
- Tx: primary tumor cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumor
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
- T1: tumor is confined to the nasopharynx
- T2: tumor extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa
- T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses
- T4: invasion of any one or more of the following
- intracranial content
- cranial nerves
- infratemporal fossa/masticator space
- hypopharynx
- orbit
Nodal status
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N3
- N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral)
- N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa
Metastases
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
Stage groupings
- Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0
- Stage 1: T1, N0, M0
- Stage 2a: T2a, N0, M0
- Stage 2b: T2b, N0, M0 or T0-T2, N1, M0
- Stage 3: T3, N0-2, M0 or T0-T2, N2, M0
- Stage 4a: T4, N0-2, M0
- Stage 4b: any T, N3, M0
- Stage 4c: any T, any N, M1